There are prevalent usage of the plant Moringa oleifera in sequential style of cooking and medicinal remedies in various regions of the world. In recent years so many researches performed on supplementation of different parts of the Moringa oleifera plant mostly on the leaves as nutritional feed resource for livestock. Studies revealed M. oleifera as a rich source of essential nutrients protein, minerals, vitamins and essential amino acids with a comparatively low amount of antinutritional factors. It is also accomplished by bioactive compounds including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In many studies it has been reported that Moringa oleifera consumption improves the health status, feed conversion efficiency and growth performance of various livestock species. There is limited literature available regarding clinical studies, bioavailability of nutrient, toxicity and the mode of action of the bioactive compounds, to which the health claims concern with consumption of Moringa oleifera. In order to get full utilization of the potential benefits of M. oleifera plant as a livestock feed, more researches in these areas are needed.
Optimum plant population is pre requisite obtain higher seed production and productivity of soybean. In this study soybean variety RSC 1046 was recorded significant higher plant population, Plant height, number of branches plant -1 dry matter accumulation plant -1 , Leaf area index plant -1 and seed yield. Crop geometry was recorded significant maximum plant population and plant height in 45×5, number of branches plant -1 and dry matter accumulation plant -1 in 45×10 leaf area index plant -1 in 45×5 and seed yield in 45×10. Interaction effect in seed yield was recorded between variety and crop geometry (cm). RSC 1046 and 45×10 show significant higher seed yield. Relationship between plant population and seed yield (kg ha -1 ) was linear with performance maximum in variety RSC 1046 and crop geometry (cm) 45×10. That results shows optimum plant population due to variety and crop geometry produce higher pre harvest parameters and yield soybean planted in ridge and furrow system. Economic as a basic effect on farmer economy due to cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and net return per rupee investment. This research was recorded varieties cost of cultivation is same but crop geometry this are changed. Higher cost of cultivation in crop geometry 45×5 and lowest in 45×30. There was gross return, net return and net return per rupee investment higher in variety RSC 1046 and lowest in CG Soya 1. Crop geometry was recorded highest gross return, net return and net return per rupee investment in 45×10 and lowest in 45×30. Economics feasibilities are important to farmer economic condition due to adopt farming system.
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