The present study involves preparation and evaluation of floating microspheres using Mebendazole (MBZ) as a model drug for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation of gastric retention time.  Ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose microspheres loaded with mebendazole were prepared by solvent diffusion evaporation method. The microspheres had smooth surfaces, with free-flowing and good-packing properties. The yield of the microspheres was up to 85.65±0.14% and ethyl cellulose microspheres entrapped the maximum amount of the drug. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed their hollow structures with sizes in the range 215.1 to 251.80 nm. The prepared microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release and Percentage buoyancy was found to70.25±0.15. The formulated batches were evaluated for percentage yield, particle size measurement, flow properties, percent entrapment efficiency, swelling studies. The formulations were subjected to Stability studies and In-vitro release and Release kinetics data was subjected to different dissolution models. Keywords: solvent diffusion evaporation method, Mebendazole, Ethyl cellulose, Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose

The intent of this review is to consider the reasons why bacteria switch from a free-floating to a biofilm mode of growth. The currently available wealth of data pertaining to the molecular genetics of biofilm formation in commonly studied, clinically relevant, single-species biofilms will be discussed in an effort to decipher the motivation behind the transition from Planktonic to sessile growth in the human body. Four potential incentives behind the formation of biofilms by bacteria during infection are considered protection from harmful conditions in the host (defense) sequestration to a nutrient-rich area (colonization) utilization of cooperative benefits (community) biofilms normally grow as biofilms and Planktonic cultures are an in vitro artifact (biofilms as the default mode of growth).

Since the outbreak of the novel corona virus disease COVID-19, precipitated by way of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this sickness has unfolded hastily round the globe. Considering the practicable risk of a pandemic, scientists and medical doctors have been racing to apprehend this new virus and the pathophysiology of this disorder to discover feasible therapy regimens and find out fantastic therapeutic sellers and vaccines. To guide the cutting-edge lookup and development, CAS has produced a extraordinary record to furnish an overview of posted scientific statistics with an emphasis on patents in the CAS content material collection. It highlights antiviral techniques involving small molecules and biologics concentrated on complicated molecular interactions concerned in corona virus contamination and replication. The drug-repurposing effort documented herein focuses principally on dealers recognized to be superb in opposition to different RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The current secondary data have been chosen for the study while text 16 research articles to focus the study. The review is focus on that the challenges of coronaviruses and the new strains in Indian population due to constantly virus has changed through mutation appeared and disappeared too the more diverse and spread easily and resistant to treatments or vaccines. The vaccination in India is slow rate due to unavailability of the raw materials; the two Indian vaccine development companies have not able to provided vaccines as per the requirement. Unawareness has also been a biggest problem to the pandemic situation in the second wave of the coronavirus with new variants. The present study is deals with the challenges of new variants of coronavirus; the conditions of health system; Crisis of medicine, oxygen cylinder, failure of management increase more cases and finally the vaccination process; management and availability.