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At present, natural resources are very limited and inadequate for increasing global population along with uncontrollable environmental pollution. The development of advanced eco-friendly technology and pollution free environment is very necessary for the current situation. Nanotechnology is playing a vital role in the development of "cleaner" environment and "greener" technologies for sustainable livelihood and environment. Nanotechnology is involved in many sectors like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, energy, environment, cosmetics, electronics, chemicals, and so on. There are many consumer products containing nanomaterials available in the market for ready use by human beings. Hence, human exposure to nanomaterials is possible to occur during processing at occupational level and personal usage at consumer level. At present, nanotechnology is a promising tool as it has high performance and is cost-effective in

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Carbosulfan is the most commonly used carbamate insecticide in the agriculture industry and is known to cause diverse toxicological effects on non-target organisms. Farmers are more susceptible to accidental consumption of insecticides owing to their unscientific use and ease of access. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate reproductive toxicity induced by carbosulfan and its amelioration using traditional Cissus quadrangularis plant extract. The rats were divided into six groups; (E1) control treated with 1% DMSO/kg bw, (E2) plant extract alone (1000 mg/kg bw), (E3) low dose of carbosulfan (3.4 mg/kg bw), (E4) high dose of carbosulfan (6.37 mg/kg bw), (E5) low dose (3.4 mg/kg bw) and (E6) high dose (6.37 mg/kg bw) carbosulfan co-treatment with Cissus quadrangularis extract (1000 mg/kg bw) for 60 days. The reproductive parameters including histology of testes, sperm count, motility, morphology, and hormonal assay (FSH, T, LH) were performed. Carbosulfan treated groups (E3 & E4) were manifested histopathological alterations including tubular degeneration, disorganisation of cells, vacuolisation, and sloughing of germ cells into the tubular lumen. The hormonal level, sperm count, and motility were significantly decreased and the sperm abnormality rate was increased in the E4 group compared to the control group. The groups (E5 & E6) co-treated with plant extract were significantly recovered compared to insecticide-treated groups (E3 & E4). The histological and hormonal changes were attributed to the reprotoxic effects of the insecticide. However, co-treatment of plant extract significantly recovered the toxic effects caused by low concentration (E5) than the high concentration (E6) of carbosulfan.

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