Abstract-Electricity generation by single-chamber air cathode fuel cells (MFCs) is considerably influenced by power management system(PMS). This study showed that application of PMS connected with a single-chamber air cathode MFC significantly improved its columbic efficiencies (CEs), current, and power output. In MFC tests based on PMS, the optimal COD of influent was 400 mg/L, achieving the highest CE (4.59%) and the optimal COD of influent 800 mg/L with the highest harvesting efficiency(9.80%), which were higher than those in MFCs connecting resistors. The ranges of voltage output and power out of MFC based on PMS were 1.60 ~ 2.00 V, 2.56 ~ 4.00 mW, higher than those in MFCs with resistors, while low COD prolonged charge time. PMS improved MFC performance, and both of the electricity generation of MFC and the harvesting efficiency should be considered.