Spondias tuberosa is a medicinal plant used by several local communities in northeast Brazil to treat infections, digestive disorders and inflammatory conditions. The study aimed to identify and quantify the major phenolic in hydroethanolic extract of leaves from S. tuberosa and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential. The chemical profile of extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and peritonitis models in mice. Identified and quantified through HPLC-DAD or HPLC-MS analyses of S. tuberosa extract were the following compounds: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin. The inflammatory response to carrageenan was significantly reduced in both models by S. tuberosa extract. In hind paw edema, the edematogenic response was reduced by up to 63.6% and the myeloperoxidase activity was completely inhibited. In the peritonitis model, the total cell migration into the peritoneal cavity was reduced by up to 65%. The results obtained give evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of S. tuberosa and suggest the potential therapeutic benefit of this plant on inflammatory conditions. The chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin identified and quantified in S. tuberosa leaves enable us to suggest that these compounds could be used as chemical markers for quality control of derivative products from this species. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aim To characterize the usage profile and the factors associated with the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitor drugs in a community pharmacy. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, prospective and observational study involving interviews with 410 patients who acquired PPI for their own use from community pharmacies. To characterize the factors associated with the prolonged use of PPI, a multivariate logistic regression model was used. Results Pantoprazole (42.7%) and omeprazole (31%) were the most acquired PPIs, prescribed mainly by gastroenterologists (49.5%). They are used in the morning, especially for gastrointestinal symptoms, however, they had been consumed for more than 5 years in 30% of cases. The factors associated with prolonged use are old age (OR 1.03 CI95% 1.01–1.05), body mass index (OR 1.07 CI95% 1.01–1.12), use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (OR 3.18 CI95% 1.20–8.43) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR 3.5 95% CI 1.39–8.88). Conclusion PPIs are adequate in terms of indication and form of use, however, prolonged use associated with old age, being overweight and use of anti-inflammatories and antidepressants is frequent.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of drug interaction associated with proton pump inhibitors, associated factors and drugs involved. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 194 customers (> 18 years) of community pharmacies shortly after proton pump inhibitors acquisition (March 2019 to March 2020). Risk factors for drug interaction were assessed via multivariate logistic regression and relevance by network analysis. Results: The prevalence of drug interaction was 16.4% and was related to older age (OR=1.05; 95%CI 1.03 - 1.07) and female sex (OR=2.27; 95%CI 1, 15 - 4.47). The network analysis identified drug interaction involving omeprazole and pantoprazole as the most relevant and related to the prescription of levothyroxine, clopidogrel and cilostazol. Conclusion: The drug interaction among proton pump inhibitors users increase with age and are more common in women, especially those associated with levothyroxine, cilostazol and clopidogrel.