Immunization aims to control diseases that cause serious damage to the population. The maintenance of the vaccine supply chain in Brazil is essential to avoid changes in the efficacy, potency and composition of the immunizers, which are temperature sensitive drugs. The pharmaceutical companies are increasing its participation in the constantly growing market, being responsible for the manufacture, commercialization and distribution of medicines and vaccines. The vaccine supply chain is currently recognized as a subject of great relevance in the world, due to the pandemic of COVID-19. In context, there are many challenges on the supply chain and logistics system structure, related to demand planning, and inventory control, storage, conservation, handling, distribution and transportation of immunizers. The general objective of this study is to analyze the vaccine supply chain in Brazil. The study can be categorized as an exploratory, qualitative research, which used bibliographic research as procedure for database. The results obtained showed that, despite the vaccine production capacity in Brazil, it is essentialto plan the immunization supply chain in the country, due to the importance that this chain represents to move vaccines to even the most remote places, especially at this time when the world is suffering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.