A comprehensive trade agreement has the potential to intensify agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). The cooperation on nontariff barriers including food safety standards and sanitary and phytosanitary issues will expand trade in fruits and vegetables. Using quarterly bilateral trade data at the U.S. state level, we deployed gravity models and probit equations and found that a 10% reduction in MRL stringency would promote trade by 5%. If the final provisions endorse the Codex MRLs, the U.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author NH designed the study, set-up the experiment, selected the materials, performed GC-MS analysis, wrote the first draft and finalized the manuscript. Author FT performed the experiments, collected the data, performed the statistical analysis of GC-MS data, and participated in writing the first draft. Author RM provided GC-MS expertise, wrote the introduction and worked on the revision of the manuscript. Author LW had the original idea and supported the work in all steps. Author LW did English revision of final draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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