Background: The improvement of the voltage in power lines and the respect of the low voltage distribution transformer substations constraints (Transformer utilization rate and Voltage drop) are possible by several means: reinforcement of conductor sections, installation of new MV / LV substations (Medium Voltage (MV), Low Voltage (LV)), etc. Methods: Connection of mini-photovoltaic systems (PV) to the network, or to consumers in underserved areas, is a well-adopted solution to solve the problem of voltage drop and lighten the substation transformer, and at the same time provide clean electrical energy. PV systems can therefore contribute to this solution since they produce energy at the deficit site. Results: This paper presents the improvement of transformer substation constraints, supplying an end of low voltage electrical line, by inserting photovoltaic systems at underserved subscribers. Conclusion: This study is applied to a typical load pattern, specified to the consumers region.

Background: Currently, electricity producers are mainly concerned with finding solutions that make it possible to produce electricity with a low fuel cost and minimization of toxic gas emissions into the atmosphere. Objective: this paper aims to demonstrate the economic and environmental impact of connecting photovoltaic plant on the electricity grid by reducing the cost of producing electricity and the emissions of toxic gas into the atmosphere Methods: The study is carried out under the MATLAB environment using PSO algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimizers) which makes it possible to optimize the cost function and the gas emissions function in two cases: first case, the electricity network is con sidered without photovoltaic generation and in the second case with addition of photovoltaic generation. Results: After connecting photovoltaic plant to the electricity network, we obtain remarkable and interesting reduction in the cost of production and the quantity of emission of toxic gases. Conclusion: The economic and environmental impact of the photovoltaic plant on the electricity grid has been well demonstrated by applying the method of particles swarm optimization PSO. We compared the results obtained before and after connecting the photovoltaic plant to the electricity grid, we obtained good results in terms of production costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

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