At present there is a great advance in the use of organic substances as fertilizers; humic substances are one of them with various forms of extraction. This article evaluates the extraction yield of humic substances (humic acid and fulvic acid) from three raw materials and different basic extractants and acids. In the basic extraction of humic substances, the type of raw material significantly influences, to a p value equal to 5 %. The maximum extraction volumes of humic substances are with garden waste. The fractionation stage of the humic and fulvic acids (acid extraction) depends on the type of basic extractant. The alternative Vermicompost - NaOH - HCl is the most economic and technically feasible, with 38.53 % of extraction yield value of humic acid and 64.90 $/h of gross profit.
El análisis de los servicios ecosistémicos puede aportar conocimientos importantes sobre cómo se procesan y se obtienen los bienes del sistema agroindustrial azucarero. Para este trabajo, se recopilaron 346 datos del procesamiento industrial de la caña de azúcar en tres zafras, en la agroindustria del municipio Calimete, Provincia Matanzas (Cuba), con el objetivo de emplear algoritmos de aprendizaje automáticos, para predicciones relacionadas a datos biofísicos y económicos. Se analizaron siete predictores y mediante best subset selection, se identificó la combinación de rendimiento potencial en caña y pérdidas industriales totales, para predecir el servicio de provisión azucarera, mediante la regresión lineal múltiple. Se ajustó, también, un segundo modelo, que predice el efecto económico de las pérdidas industriales. En ambos modelos, se logró explicar por encima del 70 % de la variabilidad observada, en las variables dependientes, con un test F significativo (p-value: < 0,05), además de cumplirse con las condiciones de diagnóstico y validación.
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