In both atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) complement plays a primary role in disease pathogenesis. Herein we report the outcome of a 2015  Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference where key issues in the management of  these 2 diseases were considered by a global panel of experts. Areas addressed included renal pathology, clinical phenotype and  assessment, genetic drivers of disease, acquired drivers of disease, and treatment strategies. In order to help guide clinicians  who are caring for such patients, recommendations for best  treatment strategies were discussed at length, providing the  evidence base underpinning current treatment options. Knowledge gaps were identified and a prioritized research agenda  was proposed to resolve outstanding controversial issues.

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