Background: Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In this decade it has expanded to new countries and from urban to rural areas. Limited awareness and nonsystematized health education programmes have contributed adversely to the increase in dengue incidence due to limited attention which has positively contributed to the increase in vector receptivity. The current study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and Preventive measures regarding Dengue fever among the students of various universities in Bangladesh. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the Knowledge, Awareness and Preventive measures (KAP) among the students of various universities in Bangladesh. Methodology: Between August 2020 & November 2020, an epidemiological survey was conducted among 199 students of various universities throughout Bangladesh. We collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures regarding DF using a structured questionnaire. Majority of the questions were dichotomous (Yes/No type) and some questions were asked using five point Likert scale.  We then statistically compared their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures in regard to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents to identify possible causes of observed differences using SPSS version 23. Results: Total number of students from Diploma, Undergraduate (Honor's), Postgraduate (Master's) were 199 who had given voluntary consent and participated in this study willingly.  The sample comprised more males (56%) than females (44%), and almost 50% of respondents were from allied health science (Pharmacy, Microbiology, Public health, Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry etc) background. Respondents had relatively good knowledge about aspects of Dengue fever. Out of 199 individuals interviewed, 97% had heard of DF. They had good knowledge score regarding dengue symptoms but comparatively moderate knowledge score regarding dengue transmission and management. The knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures level of study respondents was found statistically significant in relation to the academic attainment of the respondents. Conclusion: We recommend implementing mass educational programmes throughout the country in order to raise the awareness and to translate knowledge into sound practice to control dengue disease epidemics in Bangladesh.

A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a time-released dose of medication through the skin for treating systemic illnesses. Since early 1980s, this dosage form of therapeutic system (TTS) has been available in the pharmaceutical market. Such a system offers a variety of significant clinical benefits over AbstractIn order to evaluate the pHs effect on the transdermal drug delivery, HPMC/PVA based TDS-patch was prepared. In vitro transdermal dissolution was performed at 32 o C at different pHs. Comparatively higher release rate was found in case of pH 7.4 than those of others. pHs 5.4 and 8 showed almost the same release pattern. The release fashion was Higuchi type of diffusion controlled release. This result showed that neutral pH would accumulate the maximum drug from such a TDS patch, where the skin pH (around 5.4) does not support such a release. Sustained release of drug from such a patch prefers skin pH rather than neutral pH.

The study was conducted to detect various pathogenic as well as spoilage bacteria present in goat meats and also their antibiogram. Different body regions such as brisket, neck and thigh, supplied at different places like Krishi market, Mohakhali kacha bazar, and Charulata market within Dhaka City Corporation area, were taken and the bacteria were isolated. The isolated bacteria were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The isolated bacterial agents were: Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method revealed that most of the isolates were found to be more or less resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin indicating that these may be a threat to consumer’s health. It is emphasized that the present sanitary conditions, as revealed through this study, of meat processing need to be improved so as to minimize microbial contamination. Suggestions are made to introduce Longitudinally Integrated Safety Assurance (LISA) system and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) principles. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 135-143, April 2021

Subfertility, a global health issue is defined as the failure in pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. It affects approximately 10%-15% of the couple in developed country1. It is not merely a health problem but also a matter causing social instability, marital disharmony and many disgraceful conditions. Regarding causes of subfertility, female factor, male factor, combined male and female factors and sometimes unexplained factors are responsible. Objective: The aim of the study was to find out the etiological factors and the patterns of subfertility among the couples attending the infertility clinic and outpatient department (OPD) of Kurmitola General Hospital of Bangladesh. Methods : This cross-sectional study was done at the OPD and infertility clinic of Kurmitola General Hospital during the period of January 2019 to- December 2019. Total 140 couples with necessary investigations were interviewed by structured questionnaire. Data analysis done under SPSS method. Result : In this study total number of 140 couples were studied. The frequency of primary and secondary subfertility was 55% and 45% respectively. Among 140 couples mean age of female was 32.6 year and mean age of male was 36.4 year. The mean duration of the subfertility among the couples was 7 year. Concerning the contribution of male and female factor among 140 couples, female factor was responsible in 55% case and male factor was responsible in 20% cases, 10% had combined male and female factor and in 15% couple causes of subfertility was unexplained. Regarding the etiology of subfertility among women, different factors included. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 46.15%, tubal factor 31.86%, endometriosis 8.79%, among hormonal disorder hypothyroidism was responsible in 5.49% and hyperprolactinemia in 2.19 % cases, and ovarian cause like poor ovarian reserve was responsible in 4.39% cases and uterine factor was responsible in 1.09% cases. To detect the male factors of subfertility semen analysis report was done., among male partner 69.04% had oligospermia, 16.66% show asthenospermia, another 9.52% show teratospermia. Azoospermia was detected in 4.76% cases. Conclusion: Bangladesh is a developing country where population burden is a big concern. On the other hand, reproduction is a basic human right. As the subfertility leads to physical, psychological and social problems so government needs to take care of this subfertility issue. This study gives us the idea of the needs and further demands of the services in our country to identify social cultural and economic factors associated with subfertility and interventions needed to overcome the current situation. Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2021; 29(2): 136-140