Determination of two or more compounds in the same sample without previous chemical separation is a basic analytical problem. In the present study the resolution of the binary mixtures of compounds can be determined by a very simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric procedure. Five phenothiazine drugs namely, Promethazine HCl (PMH), Promethazine Theoclate (PMT), Chlorpromazine HCl (CPH), Trifluoperazine HCl (TFPH), Prochlorperazine Maleate (PCPM), in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations were assayed by a single chromogenic reagent (V 2 O 5 ) in an acidic medium, to form a red colored complex having maximum absorbance range from 500 to 525 nm. The reaction is selective for these phenothiazine drugs with 0.05 mg/10 mL as visual limit of quantitation and thus provides a basis for a new spectrophotometric determination. The color reaction obeys Beer's Law from 0.05 mg/10 mL to 2 mg/10 mL for all five phenothiazines with a relative standard deviation from 0.63 to 0.80%. The quantitative assessments of tolerable amounts of other drugs were also studied. The results compare favorably with those of the official methods.

The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of cardiac disease among pregnant females and its impact on feto-maternal outcome. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Cardiology department Gulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore Duration: April 2013 to April 2014. Patients & Methods: All pregnant females with cardiac disease at any gestation with booked or un-booked statutes were included in this study. Patients were admitted for thorough evaluation and investigations. Labor was monitored intensively. Data regarding maternal outcomes were noted down on pre-formed questionnaire. Intra partum and postpartum details were also noted down along with fetal outcome. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.. Results: The total number of females presented with cardiac disease was 2650, out of which only 35 women were reported as pregnant. The duration of pregnancy at the time of presentation was as follows: 05 (14.2%) females presented in first trimester, 20 (57.1%) in second trimester, 08 (22.8%) in third trimester and 02 (5.7%) patients presented in postpartum period. There were 08 (22.8%) patients who had preterm labor. In terms of fetal outcome 04 babies had birth weight of less than 1.5 kg, 12 had 1.5-2.0 kg, 15 were in range of 2-2.5 kg and 04 were more than 2.5 kg. 27 (77.1%) were term and 08 (22.8%) were preterm babies. Cleft lip and atrial septal defect were the only two identified congenital anomalies. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of cardiac diseases during pregnancy was found to be 1.3% in this study. Most common affected age group was of 20-25 years. Most common cardiac disease found in our patient was mitral stenosis. 02 pregnancies ended in intrauterine fetal death. 08 babies were born preterm. Cleft lip and atrial septal defect were the only two identified congenital anomalies in newborn delivered by our pregnant patients. Every effort should made to create awareness regarding pre-pregnancy counseling, so that associated fetal and maternal morbidity can be reduced.

Utero‑cutaneous fistula is one of the most unusual entity and up till now only a few case reports have been published. Most Utero‑cutaneous fistulas are secondary to postoperative complications following caesarean or other pelvic surgery. A 30‑year‑old woman, Para 4+0, all LSCS noticed bleeding through Pfannenstiel incision scar, following forth cesarean section. A fistulous tract was demonstrated at examination with a probe, between abdominal wound and uterus. The women underwent laparotomy with excision of the fistulous tract and repair of uterine and abdominal walls by taking all preventive measures for recurrence. She remained well postoperatively, specimen taken from fistulous tract sent for histopathology.

Objectives: To determine the fetal and maternal outcome in Women with Mitral Stenosis. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in  Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Al-Aleem Medical College attached with Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore from 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2019. All admitted pregnant ladies with Mitral stenosis (mild, moderate and severe) were enrolled in the study. Results: A total of forty cases were enrolled in this study. The Mean age of  woman was 28.3 ± 2.5 years. Twenty one women (52.5%) were 20 – 29 years. Out of 40 women, 33 (82.5%) were multiparous, and 7 (17.5%) were Primi-gravida as shown in Table 1. Majority of the women 22(55.0%) were having moderate and 13 women (32.5%) were suffering from severe mitral stenosis as shown in Table 2. Lower segment caesarean was the common mode of delivery in 25 (62.5%) and spontaneous vaginal delivery was conducted in 15 (37.5%) as shown in Table 3. Neonatal and Maternal outcome was shown in Tables 4 and 5.   Conclusions: Pregnancy with mitral stenosis has a strong link with poor feto-maternal outcome.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of contraception in females presented with cardiac disease.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at obstetrics and gynaecology department, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. A total of 246 consecutive female subjects referred to gynaecology and obstetrics ward by cardiology department were enrolled. Informed consent was taken and confidentiality was ensured. The cardiac disease of the respondent was noted and a detailed obstetric history, number of previous pregnancies, date of last child born and last menstrual period (LMP) was taken. Knowledge and practices of contraception was gathered through a structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Categorical data were presented in the form of frequencies and percentages & presented through graphs while mean+SD was computed for quantitative data.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 28±6.7 years. Majority of the study participants (48.7%) were from to the age group of 20-30 years. Regarding parity, 60 (24.3%) women had 01 child, 68 (27.6%) had 2 children, 65(26.4%) had 3 children and 53(21.5%) had 4 or more children. Regarding knowledge of contraception 110 (44.7%) females had no knowledge, 80 (32.5%) had partial knowledge and 56 (22.7%) had full knowledge about contraception. Out of 246 females only 92 (37.39%) had ever practiced contraception. Barrier method (Condoms) was the most common method reported by females that ever practiced contraception followed by surgical tubal ligation and intrauterine device.Conclusion: Females with cardiac diseases should be treated by a group of experienced obstetrician, cardiologist, general physician and health care providers; each patient needs individual counselling regarding her family size to attain proper spacing between two children or as a continuous contraceptive method. If possible their cardiac disease should be treated before getting pregnant.Key Words: Contraception, Cardiac Diseases, Reproductive Health, Maternal Health