A inoculação com bactérias do gênero Azospirillum pode contribuir com o fornecimento de nitrogênio (N) e com o crescimento das plantas, pois esses microrganismos são também promotores de crescimento. Por outro lado a aplicação nas doses e épocas adequadas do regulador vegetal de efeito citocinínico thidiazuron (TDZ) pode vir a beneficiar a produtividade de grãos. Dessa maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de TDZ sobre a produtividade do arroz, na presença e ausência da inoculação foliar com Azospirillum brasilense. Foi utilizada a cultivar ANa 5015, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro doses de TDZ (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5g ha -1 ) aplicadas por ocasião do perfilhamento, 30 DAE, e da aplicação de Azospirillum brasilense (presença ou ausência) em dose fixa aos 20 DAE. Verificou-se que a cultivar ANa 5015 não se mostrou responsiva para a inoculação foliar com Azospirillum brasilense na dose de 200 mL ha -1 . Para as doses de TDZ aplicadas via foliar, houve uma variação significativa na altura de plantas, cuja dose de 0,41 g ha -1 resultou na altura máxima de 1,11 m. Não houve efeito das doses de TDZ na produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, número de panículas por m², grãos por panícula e massa hectolítrica. Palavras-chave: bactérias diazotróficas, irrigação por aspersão, Oryza sativa L., thidiazuron INFLUENCE OF THIDIAZURON AND INOCULATION WITH Azospirillum brasilense IN THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGHLAND RICE ABSTRACTInoculation with bacteria of Azospirillum genus may contribute with the nitrogen (N) supply and the plant growth, since these microorganisms are also growth promoters. On the other hand the application in the appropriate doses and times of the plant regulator of cytokinin effect thidiazuron (TDZ) may benefit grain yield. Thus, the goal of this work was to evaluate the TDZ dose effect on rice yield, in the presence and absence of leaf inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The cultivar ANa 5015 was used in the experimental design of randomized blocks in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four TDZ (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5g ha -1 ) doses applied on the occasion of tillering , 30 DAE, and the application of Azospirillum brasilense (presence or absence) at a fixed dose at 20 DAE. It was verified that the cultivar ANa 5015 was not responsive to the leaf inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense at the dose of 200 mL ha -1 . For TDZ doses applied via leaf, there was a significant variation in plant height, whose *
Global rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is expected to increase, especially in upland no‐tillage systems (NTS). The difficulty in producing and maintaining straw in NTS in the Brazilian Cerrado and comparative regions worldwide can be overcome by using cover crops in irrigated areas. The potential of straw accumulation, soil cover maintenance, and nutrient cycling is considered while choosing cover crop species, because these characteristics may interfere with subsequent crop cultivation. This study was conducted to determine whether cover crops could benefit the development, productivity, and industrial quality of upland rice grains irrigated by sprinklers and cultivated in succession. The experiment was conducted in the Cerrado, with a summer rainy season and a dry winter. The treatments consisted of six cover crops (millet [Pennisetum glaucum], sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan], millet + sunn hemp, millet + pigeonpea, and fallow) sowed in winter or spring. Compared to fallow, the cover crops cultivated in winter or spring led to increased straw production, accumulation of approximately 150% more nitrogen in straw, and possibly improved rice nutritional value because of the higher N content. Rice plants cultivated after sunn hemp developed a greater dry mass than rice cultivated after the fallow treatment. Grain yield was not influenced by the cover crops. However, sunn hemp cultivation increased the milling yield, head rice yield, and the milled rice productivity (MRP), compared to cultivation following the fallow treatment. Cultivation of sunn hemp before the upland rice crop improved MRP compared to that following the fallow treatment.
Dentre os vários reguladores vegetais já conhecidos, sabe-se que alguns podem proporcionar redução na altura das plantas de arroz e, consequentemente, reduzir ou até mesmo eliminar o acamamento. Mas também se sabe que o thidiazuron (TDZ), um regulador de efeito citocinínico, se mostrou potencialmente benéfico para a cultura do arroz, melhorando suas características agronômicas e elevando a produtividade. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar uma possível combinação entre o etil-trinexapac e o thidiazuron, visando, concomitantemente, a redução no grau de acamamento e a elevação de produtividade na cultura do arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão em região de Cerrado brasileiro. Usou-se a cultivar ANa 5015, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos a combinação de quatro doses de thidiazuron (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5g ha-1) aplicadas por ocasião do perfilhamento e da aplicação de etil-trinexapac (presença ou ausência) em dose fixa (50 g ha-1) por ocasião da diferenciação floral. Verificou-se que as doses de thidiazuron aplicadas não diferiram significativamente do tratamento testemunha nas características agronômicas analisadas, nem houve interação do thidiazuron com o etil-trinexapac. Conclui-se que a cultivar ANa 5015 não se mostrou responsiva à aplicação de thidiazuron e a aplicação de 50 g ha-1 de etil-trinexapac por ocasião da diferenciação floral reduz a altura de plantas, em 0,09 m, bem como a produtividade em 974 kg ha-1 em relação ao tratamento testemunha.
In rice, the use of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has shown to be very useful for the crop, being able to increase the final productivity of the same or reduce the need for nitrogen in topdressing. It has recently been noted that there are other regulators that perform other functions, such as thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-like substance that has been shown to significantly increase upland rice productivity. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the effect of the interaction between the foliar application of A. brasilense and thidiazuron doses applied at the occasion of the tillering of the plants on the productive aspects and crop productivity. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural years of 2015/16 and 2016/17, at the UNESP Teaching, Research and Extension Farm belonging to the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira -UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments were the combination of the presence or absence of A. brasilense foliar application with doses of TDZ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g ha -1 ) applied to upland rice cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Based on the results obtained for plant height, number of panicles per square meter, total number of grains and fertility of spikelets, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, it was concluded that, in the two agricultural years observed, there were no interaction and individual effects of the foliar application of the bacteria, and of the TDZ doses used at the time of tillering in the BRS Esmeralda cultivar.Interação entre thidiazuron e Azospirillum brasilense nas características produtivas e produtividade do arroz RESUMO: No arroz, o uso da bactéria Azospirillum brasilense tem se mostrado de grande utilidade para a cultura, podendo incrementar a produtividade final da mesma ou ainda, reduzir a necessidade de nitrogênio em cobertura. Recentemente notou-se que há outros reguladores que desempenham outras funções, como o thidiazuron (TDZ), uma substância de efeito citocinínico que se mostrou capaz de aumentar significativamente a produtividade do arroz de terras altas. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito da interação entre a aplicação foliar de A. brasilense e de doses do thidiazuron aplicadas por ocasião do perfilhamento das plantas sobre os aspectos produtivos e produtividade da cultura. O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas de 2015/16 e 2016/17, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira -UNESP, situada no município de Selvíria-MS. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos foram a combinação entre a presença ou ausência da aplicação foliar de A. brasilense com doses de TDZ (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 g ha -1 ) aplicadas no arroz de terras altas cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Com base nos resultados obtidos para altura de plantas, número de panículas por metro quadrado, n...
The agricultural use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Rhizoglomus intraradices, can increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization for the benefit of the corn plant and grain nutrition. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in an area of Selvíria/MS, Brazil, in the years 2019 and 2020, to verify the effects of reduced doses of phosphorus combined with the inoculation of corn seed with R. intraradices on corn plant growth and grain nutrient contents. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design in subdivided plots with four repetitions and twenty treatments resulting from combining five doses of P2O5 (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dose) with four doses (0, 60, 120, and 180 g ha−1) of an inoculant containing R. intraradices. Leaf and kernel macro- and micronutrient contents were evaluated. The foliar P content in 2020 was a function of the interaction between phosphate fertilization and AMF inoculation, with the highest leaf P content observed at the 100% of P2O5 combined with AMF inoculation between 120 and 140 g ha−1. In the grains Mg content, an interaction was observed between the two factors in 2020 and the response surface, showing that the highest Mg content was obtained when maximum doses of P2O5 and maximum doses of inoculant were combined. A response surface showed that, in 2020, the highest leaf Zn content occurred when 35–55% P2O5 is applied with no inoculation and when P2O5 is limited to 20–30%, and there is inoculation with doses between 90 and 150 g ha−1. Phosphate fertilization increased foliar K (2019) and Mg (2020) contents, with maximum points at doses of 76.57% and 88.80%, respectively.
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