<span class="texto">O albinismo é um conjunto heterogêneo de distúrbios genéticos que afeta a produção de melanina, podendo levar à hipopigmentação da pele, dos pêlos, cabelos e olhos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar aspectos genéticos e agravos à saúde decorrentes do albinismo oculocutâneo. Foi feita uma amostragem de conveniência, utilizando-se como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários semi-estruturados aplicados a 40 probandos (23 mulheres e 17 homens) de famílias associadas a APALBA (Associação dos Portadores de Albinismo da Bahia). Os albinos eram filhos de pais normalmente pigmentados, portadores do alelo recessivo mutante. A maioria (65%) refere hereditariedade, com mais de um caso na família, e origem étnica predominantemente negra. A ocorrência do albinismo está associada a dificuldades e desvantagens, conseqüências do distúrbio genético e da segregação social. O diagnóstico usual do albinismo segue critérios clínicos, embora já existam métodos laboratoriais que identificam algumas mutações. A falta de assistência aos afetados contribui para a baixa da visão e a ocorrência de câncer de pele. O estudo indica a necessidade de um novo modelo de atendimento ao albino, com medidas de prevenção aos danos à saúde, que também incluam, nos casos indicados, testes laboratoriais com técnicas da biologia molecular que possam contribuir para o aconselhamento genético da condição. </span>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Introdução: A produção de melanina é uma forma de proteção natural da pele contra a radiação ultravioleta e seus efeitos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">deletérios, tais quais cânceres de pele. Devido à sua reduzida produção, pessoas de pele clara apresentam maiores chances de </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">desenvolver tais quadros. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de relacionar os efeitos da exposição solar à ocorrência de </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">lesões cancerígenas na presença de hipopigmentação cutânea. Metodologia: Realizou-se pesquisa retrospectiva em centro público </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">de tratamento ao câncer, no estado da Bahia, referente ao atendimento de indivíduos com lesões cancerígenas cutâneas (22 albinos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">e 30 com pigmentação normal), com complementação dos dados por entrevistas a membros da Associação dos Portadores de </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Albinismo no Estado da Bahia, com prévia obtenção do consentimento informado. Resultados: A média de idade de indivíduos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">albinos com neoplasias foi de 34,6 anos, e 65,1 anos para indivíduos não albinos, atendidos no centro de tratamento. Entre os </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">pacientes com tumores, 42,89% dos albinos e 80% dos pacientes não albinos referiam exposição solar de forma prolongada. Nos </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">albinos com câncer de pele, verificou-se que 56% apresentaram carcinoma basocelular, o tipo de câncer de pele mais comum no </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Brasil e com maiores chances de cura. 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