SUMMARYTo evaluate soil contamination by parasites in different developmental stages in public squares used as recreation and leisure areas for children in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil), 210 soil samples and 141 canine fecal samples were collected from 42 squares in the city. These samples were analyzed by the Caldwell and Caldwell technique and the Hoffman, Pons, and Janer technique. Of the samples analyzed, 89 (42.4%) soil samples and 104 (73.5%) fecal samples were contaminated with Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., or Dipylidium sp. eggs; Giardia sp. cysts; or Isospora sp. oocysts. The commonest parasite was Ancylostoma sp., found in 85% soil and 99% fecal samples, followed by Toxocara sp., found in 43.7% soil and 30.7% fecal samples.

Escalas diagramáticas para avaliação da severidade do cancro cítrico. Fitopatologia Brasileira 30: 387-393. 2005. RESUMOEscalas diagramáticas são importantes ferramentas na avaliação da severidade de doenças. Objetivando padronizar a estimativa da severidade do cancro cítrico em folhas de citros (Citrus sinensis) causada por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, foram elaboradas quatro escalas diagramáticas, considerando a ocorrência de lesões isoladas pequenas (LP), médias (LM) e grandes (LG) e de lesões associadas com o ataque da larva minadora dos citros (LMC). Cada escala possui oito níveis de porcentagens da área foliar lesionada: 0,2 a 16% para LP; 0,6 a 25% para LM; 1,8 a 30% para LG e 0,5 a 30% para LMC. Inicialmente, seis avaliadores estimaram a severidade de 447 imagens digitalizadas de folhas sintomáticas com o auxílio das quatro escalas. Após treinamento, foram avaliadas mais 115 imagens. Regressões lineares entre as severidades real e estimada foram calculadas para cada avaliador. As escalas foram validadas conjuntamente considerando acurácia, precisão e reprodutibilidade das avaliações, revelando-se adequadas para quantificação da severidade do cancro cítrico nas folhas.Palavras-chave adicionais: fitopatometria, Citrus sinensis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, avaliação de doenças. ABSTRACT Diagrammatic scales for citrus canker severity assessmentDiagrammatic scales are important tools for disease severity assessment. Four diagrammatic scales for isolated small (SL), medium (ML), and large (LL) lesions and for symptoms associated with the leaf miner injuries (LM), were developed to standardize the severity assessments of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on leaves of citrus (Citrus sinensis). Each scale has eight levels of disease severity (percentage of diseased leaf area): 0.2 to 16% for SL; 0.6 to 25% for ML; 1.8 to 30% for LL and 0.5 to 30% for LM. Initially, six persons evaluated the severity of 447 digitalized images of symptomatic leaves using the four scales. Training was carried out and later on, disease severity was assessed in 115 new images. Linear regressions between actual and estimated disease severity were calculated by each person. All the scales were validated together considering the accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the evaluations. The scales were adequate to quantify the severity of citrus canker on leaves.