Background: The aim of this experimental study on New Zealand's white rabbits was to find differences in the results of treating the distal physeal femoral defect by the transplantation of autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After the excision of a created bone bridge in the distal physis of the right femur, modified composite scaffold with MSCs was transplanted into the defect. In animal Group A (n = 11) autogenous MSCs were implanted; in animal Group B (n = 15) allogeneic MSCs were implanted. An iatrogenic physeal defect of the left femur of each animal not treated by MSCs transplantation served as control. The rabbits were euthanized four months after the transplantation. The treatment results were evaluated morphometrically (femoral length and valgus deformity measurement) and histologically (character and quality of the new cartilage).

Carcinoma of the prostate is a commonly occurring malignant tumour in men and is a common cause of death. Early diagnosis and therapy is crucial for the successful treatment of this serious disease. It is therefore desirable to develop a sufficiently reliable, minimally invasive, and inexpensive method of diagnosing prostate cancer, which would usefully supplement the diagnostic techniques currently in common use (digital rectal examination, measuring the prostate-specific antigen level in serum, transrectal ultrasonography). This article describes in detail the methodology of a new technique for intensive training aimed at developing the dog's olfactory abilities to diagnose carcinoma of the prostate in men while the animal is still young. At the same time, the rate of success in establishing the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men using this method was evaluated based on the identification of urine samples from patients in whom the disease was histologically confirmed. The results of our study demonstrate that the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men using the olfactory abilities of a specially trained dog can be considered a reliable, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive method of diagnosing carcinoma of the prostate. Urology, tumour, prostate gland, auxiliary methods of examinationCarcinoma of the prostate is the most common non-cutaneous malignant tumour among men in a number of the world's developed countries and, after carcinoma of the lung, it is the most common solid tumour in the male population of the United States (Jemal et al. 2009). Despite the progressive development of diagnostic methods (Vyhnánková 2015) in the area of diagnosing cancer, this disease is still one of the major causes of death in humans. Early detection and prompt commencement of therapy are crucial for the successful treatment of carcinomas and an appropriate way of reducing the economic burden of treatment and the mortality of the disease (Sonoda et al. 2011). The basic diagnostic methods used to diagnose prostate cancer include digital rectal examination (DRE), measuring the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in serum, and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) (Gerber and Chodak 1991). When patients are making decisions about undergoing preventative or early examination, the degree to which the procedure carried out is invasive and painful is quite important. It is therefore desirable to develop a method of diagnosing prostate cancer which is sufficiently reliable, but at the same time minimally invasive and not too expensive.In our study we focused on the development of diagnostics for prostate cancer in men from urine samples using the olfactory abilities of the dog. The aim of the study was to introduce a new technique for the intensive development of the dog's olfactory abilities to diagnose carcinoma of the prostate in men while the animal is young; to evaluate the success rate in establishing the diagnosis of prostate cancer in men on the basis of indicating urine

In terms of GDV prevention, a number of non-surgical measures are recommended. However, the only truly reliable method is gastropexy, most often as part of a surgical treatment of GDV. Gastropexy may be performed preventively either during laparotomy indicated for another reason than GDV, or newly laparoscopically, as independent preventive gastropexy.Preventive laparoscopic assisted gastropexy (PLAG) was performed in 17 patients at the Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics of the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno. Clinical results and complications of PLAG were evaluated 3-12 months after surgery.The most frequent clinical finding of PLAG was a skinfold at the site of gastropexy immediately after the surgery (n = 8; 47%), or still on day 12 after the surgery (n = 1; 6%). As for PLAG complications, in one case a seroma formation was found at the site of gastropexy (6%); in two patients iatrogenic perforation of the splenic capsule (12%) occurred, which in one case gave reason to converting laparoscopy into laparotomy (6%). In none of the patients, death, gastropexy failure, GDV development, dehiscence, infection of or haemorrhage from the surgical wound were noted.Laparoscopic assisted gastropexy appears as a reliable and miniinvasive surgical method of GDV prevention and it may be recommended for high-risk breeds of dogs.

The hypothesis that dogs can detect malignant tumours through the identification of specific molecules is nearly 30 years old. To date, several reports have described the successful detection of distinct types of cancer. However, is still a lack of data regarding the specific molecules that can be recognized by a dog’s olfactory apparatus. Hence, we performed a study with artificially prepared, well-characterized urinary specimens that were enriched with sarcosine, a widely reported urinary biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). For the purposes of the study, a German shepherd dog was utilized for analyses of 60 positive and 120 negative samples. Our study provides the first evidence that a sniffer dog specially trained for the olfactory detection of PCa can recognize sarcosine in artificial urine with a performance [sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 95%, and precision of 90% for the highest amount of sarcosine (10 µmol/L)] that is comparable to the identification of PCa-diagnosed subjects (sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 91.6%). This study casts light on the unrevealed phenomenon of PCa olfactory detection and opens the door for further studies with canine olfactory detection and cancer diagnostics.

The study deals with the determination of mechanical properties,