This article aims to understanding the complexity of social institutions dinamics in the Tiku fishermen with a coast enviroment in the form of management cultural tourism based on local wisdom phenomena. Its problem is contruction the complexity of social institutions with the sea within local wisdom context, belief system, social economic institution. The writer material taken by field work data-interview and observations----related with a study focus and approach choices. Location of research done in the one of villages in west coastal sumatra, is South Tiku Village, Tanjung Mutiara Subdistrict, Agam District. This research shows that a cultural management tourims in Tiku fishermen based on local wisdom characterized by the life of collective (social economy) with strong and neat; pattern of utilization resource reflecting the relationship between subjective relation of human and enviroment; conditions of social economic welfare; maintained of environment preservation and balance of marine resources. Keywords: Social Institutions, Marine Tourism, Local Wisdom, Tiku Fishermen AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan memahami kompleksitas dinamika pranata sosial nelayan Tiku dengan lingkungan sekitar pesisir dalam wujud pengelolaan budaya wisata bahari berdasarkan fenomena kearifan lokal. Masalahnya adalah mengonstruksi kompleksitas pranata sosial komunitas Nelayan Tiku dengan lingkungan lautnya dalam konteks kearifan lokal, sistem kepercayaan, kelembagaan sosial dan ekonomi. Material penulisan diambil dari data penelitian lapangan−diperoleh dengan wawancara, observasi dan pengamatan−sesuai dengan fokus studi dan pilihan pendekatan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di salah satu nagari wilayah pesisir pantai Barat Sumatera, yaitu Nagari Tiku Selatan, Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara, Kabupaten Agam. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa wujud pengelolaan budaya wisata bahari dalam komunitas nelayan Tiku berbasis pada kearifan lokal yang dicirikan dengan tatanan kehidupan kolektif (sosial-ekonomi) yang kuat dan rapi; pola-pola pemanfaatan sumber daya laut yang mencerminkan hubungan antar subjektif manusia dan lingkungan; kondisi kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi penduduk yang merata; dan terjaganya kondisi kelestarian lingkungan dan keseimbangan sumber daya laut.Kata kunci: pranata sosial, wisata bahari, kearifan lokal, nelayan Tiku.

Abstract-This paper examines the local wisdom of new fishing groupshave had tremendous impacts on local marine resource conservation along the coasts ofthe province of West Sumatra. Data were collected from a small number of fishing households in the village of Pariaman Tengah in Pariaman Regency, using mainly qualitative research methods. At the village, traditional fishing areas have been properly benefited by local fishermen. Together with the local government, they have conserved the area, where sea turtles, some species of finfish; mangrove/coral reefs are protected. It was found that the local wisdoms use consist of determining season of fishing and making traditional fishing gear. In former days the available marine resources were abundant, but nowadays the villagers, all of whom belong to the ethnic group of matrilineal Minangkabau, are not so happy with the contemporary maritime situations. Since 20 years ago, on the other hand, many newcomers have flowed into the fishing village of Pariaman Tengah. Being mobilized from other districts in the province of West Sumatra uxorilocally, they have succeeded in establishing their own identity, in forming new groups, and then in having economic powers inside the fishing community as local autonomy. Along with increasing the number of their households and with the growth in income, they are becoming leading actors there to be involved with the local resource conservation for national interest. The newcomers have the local wisdoms for resource conservation are using no harmful gears, commitment not to catch and kill the turtles and commitment not to throw rubbish into the sea.

Ecotourism is critical in conservation areas for the development of mutual relationships between the community, government and tourist in the marine conservation area. However, the community must be key stakeholders in maximizing benefits to local communities and obtaining environmental support to effectively manage conservation areas. This study aimed 1) to determine the socio-economic impact on fishermen community for the marine resource conservation, b) to investigate the socio-economic impact on the community's understanding and respect to support conservation. This research was conducted in the Ampiang Parak and Maligi villages. The research used a structured questionnaire and qualitative method using observation and interview to evaluate the fishermen community involvement in ecotourism management. The research discussed and explained the source, income, and employment allocation of ecotourism regulations and economic participation for community programs. The management of the Ampiang Parak and Maligi conservation areas is still not aligned with the local community's ecotourism management, and the conservation area and tourist attraction has not yet been beneficial for the local community economy. The relationships between ecotourism and sustainable growth, tourism, community, and natural resource conservation need to be improved.

Marine conservation areas in Indonesia are a challenge and a necessity, as part of the effort to balance the socio-cultural needs of the fisherman community and the wish to conserve existing resources for the future. The implemented marine conservation areas have been undertaken to protect turtles, coral reefs, and fish was positively related to the improved economic household situation. Meanwhile, this research suggests that marine conservation area, which also takes socio-cultural impacts, has the implementation to succeed in the fishing communities. The study examined the socio-cultural situation of local fishing communities in the District of Sutera, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Province of West Sumatra, Indonesia, where turtles, coral reefs, and fish conservation implemented. The collect data used observation and interviewed are applied. The result of this study will be considered socio-cultural factors and involving local communities when implemented conservation areas. The impacts of socio-cultural potential benefit on the marine conservation areas and the fishing community’s livelihoods in general.

Arafura Sea is rich in its resources, e.g. shrimp, pelagic fish, demersal fish, and coral reef fish. Coral reef fish commonly found in Arafura waters are among others brown-marbled grouper, slender grouper, leopard coral grouper, humpback grouper, etc. One of the groupers that has a higher selling price than the other groupers is slender grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus). The high demand for the fish is in line with the increase in the catch and the exploitation status. Therefore, a study is necessary to analyze the exploitation status of the slender grouper in Arafura Sea. This study was carried out from March to November 2017 by sampling the grouper at its landing site in Dobo, Aru Islands, from the fishing grounds in Arafura Sea, Maluku. The size of the slender grouper was 15–120 cm TL, and its growth pattern was allometric negative. Its growth rate (K) was 0.34 per year and its fishing mortality (F) was higher than the natural mortality (M). The exploitation rate (E) of the fish was 0.52%, meaning the fish was already moderately exploited. Therefore, precautionary managements are necessary to maintain the sustainability of the slender grouper resources in Arafura Sea.