Background and Aim: In 2016, the tilapia-producing farms in the department of Córdoba, Colombia, had witnessed outbreaks of disease with clinical signs compatible with those caused by the tilapia lake virus (TiLV). This study was conducted to confirm the presence of TiLV in some fish farms in the department of Córdoba. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in seven farms using a non-random sampling method from July 2016 to December 2017. A total of 66 fish, including 33 healthy fish and 33 fish with clinical signs, were caught, from which 178 tissue samples of spleen, liver, and brain were collected. RNA was extracted from each organ using TRIzol®. cDNA was synthesized using a retrotranscriptase and a universal amplification primer. The polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers specific to TiLV, in which the primers were amplified in a 491 bp region in segment 3 of TiLV, and the amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method. Results: Of the seven farms surveyed, 3 (42.85%) had TiLV in the collected fish. Of the 66 collected fish, 18 (27.27%) were infected with TiLV. The virus was detected in the brain (64.3%, 18/28), spleen (61.9%, 13/21), and liver (35.7%, 10/28). The sequences were recorded in GenBank with the codes MH338228, MH350845, and MH350846 . Nucleotide homology analyses revealed that this study's circulating strains exhibited 97% identity with the Israeli strain (GenBank KU751816.1). Conclusion: This is the first official report of TiLV in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. The circulating strains detected in this study exhibited 97% identity with the Israeli strain.

This paper proposes a process of higher heat transfer efficiency, through a fractal design over Cesàro curve as an extend surface for an exchange tube. Our designs yielded better results applying finite element analysis compared with the smooth surface commonly used in the industry. This new adaptation can be oriented toward applications involving gases and viscous liquids, for devices such as motors, boilers and dissipaters, among others.

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in the L6 spinal cord, as markers of glial activation and central sensitization, were also evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistology.RESULTS: OAB mice showed bladder overactivity and inefficient voiding (Fig 1-a) with increased M2, M3, P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 levels in the bladder and increased CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG, indicating afferent hyperexcitability (Fig 1-b). CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord were upregulated in the OAB group (Fig 1-c). However, CON mice exhibited improvements of all these parameters of afferent hyperexcitability and central sensitization. Also, CON mice showed better voiding efficiency and reduced CNS changes compared with CES mice.CONCLUSIONS: Central sensitization may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of OAB. Continuous treatment of OAB with mirabegron seems to prevent the process of central sensitization via improvement of CNS neural remodeling. Therefore, continuous OAB medication may be desirable for long-term disease control.