Upon the addition of cations, the observed electrochemical behavior of crown ether compounds containing or bearing reducible functions sometimes exhibits two waves or sometimes a single wave that is shifted in position relative to the original redox couple. The type of electrochemical behavior observed depends upon the binding (stability) constant (Ks) for the neutral ligand-cation Interaction and the binding constant (KSE) for the reduced ligand-cation Interaction. A computer-based, digital simulation scheme has been devised that leads one to the conclusion that two distinct waves will be observed only when the initial cation binding constant is

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The pure enantiomers of D -C as well as a third constitutional isomer of this higher fullerene were produced by a retro-Bingel reaction on the first organic derivatives of C (see scheme). These derivatives were synthesized by Bingel cyclopropenation of C , separated, and unambiguously structurally characterized.

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