IVC anomalies are uncommon, usually of little physiological consequence, and mostly discovered incidentally during cross-sectional imaging in otherwise healthy individuals. However, they do have implications of relevance to surgeons because they may lead to significant complications during vascular interventional radiology procedures and retroperitoneal surgery when undiagnosed. This review synthesizes the current literature pertaining the development and identification of IVC anomalies, highlighting their possible implications for surgical procedures involving this retroperitoneal vessel.

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