The comprehension of terms such as Takeover Bids is essential to understand the functioning of business combinations. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the preliminary announcement on the abnormal returns of the companies involved in takeover bids in the Portuguese stock market. This study used the methodologies of Ball and Brown (1968) and Beaver (1968). 100 Operations were identified between João Paulo Braga, Luís M. Pereira Gomes 40 2000 and 2014. The results of the 12 analyzed bids confirm that the target companies show positive abnormal returns, whilst the acquiring companies show negative abnormal returns and inferior in amplitude. They also confirm that, globally, the companies react strongly to the announcement and that they acquire higher abnormal earnings in the periods closest to the preliminary announcement.

The purpose of paper is to assess the long-term memory of stock index returns in the pan-European platform Euronext AEX,. We find evidence of time dependency in much of the data, suggesting that the series may best be described as fractional Brownian motion. Modified Rescaled-Range Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis were used to measure the degree of long memory. The global Hurst exponents evidence persistent long memory in the Dutch, Belgian and Portuguese markets. In the French market, evidence of long memory is inconsistent and weak. Fractal structure suggests non-conformity with the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and may compromise the reliability of asset pricing models. Furthermore, time-dependent Hurst exponents show evidence of weakening persistence in these markets, particularly after the international crises of 2000, 2002 and 2010. A possible explanation for those changes is that the markets may have matured over time, becoming more efficient after these severe events.

While financial statements are the primary source of information about a firm, they tend to be under earnings management practices, namely to avoid paying tax. Therefore, we aim to examine whether taxes still affect earning persistence in an era of prevalent digital information. For that purpose, we use book–tax differences considering the deductible temporary differences and the taxable temporary differences. In addition, we analyze which of the two earnings components are more affected by taxes, specifically cash flow or accruals. We estimate econometric regressions using panel data to test our hypotheses. Through a sample of 421 small- and medium-sized (SME) Portuguese firms, between 2016 and 2020, we found empirical evidence that earning persistence tends to be lower when deductible temporary differences increase, while taxable temporary differences produce no statically significant effect. Furthermore, our results suggest that cash flow component increases more earning persistence than accruals. Therefore, deductible temporary difference may be an indicator of earnings management activities in these firms. These results are relevant, given the potential negative consequences of earnings management for the efficient decision making of stakeholders and even more because SMEs represent a substantial number of firms in European countries, particularly in Portugal.

The context where the companies operate has become more challenging given the binomial competitiveness and financial crisis. Market imbalances are an opportunity to explore creative solutions that characterize Start-Ups’ profiles. However, its innovative character carries risks that determine major funding difficulties. This way this article aims to investigate the influence of a set of variables in the composition of the financial structure of Portuguese Start-Ups. The methodology used is based on a cross-sectional data, integrating multivariate regressions (Logit, Tobit, and OLS), enriched by panel data analysis. The results show that company’s size, assets structure and legal form are statistically relevant.

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