Microbial lipids produced byRhodotorula glutinis grown in continuous culture with molasses under nitrogen-limiting conditions were evaluated and the effects of growth rate on fatty acid composition were studied. As the growth rate decreased, cell biomass, lipid content and lipid yield gradually increased. The maximum lipid content recorded was 39% (w/w) of dry cell biomass at a dilution rate of 0.04 h(-1). The growth rate also affected fatty acid composition: oleic acid decreased with decreasing growth rate while stearic acid increased.
RESUMENNuevas tendencias en el tratamiento alcalino "cocido" de las aceitunas verdes aderezadas al estilo español o sevillano.El cocido, tratamiento alcalino para eliminar el amargor, es la operación fundamental de la elaboración de las aceitunas verdes aderezadas. Este tratamiento ha experimentado, a lo largo del tiempo, una serie de modificaciones con el fin de reducir el volumen de su propio vertido y de evitar el reposo de los frutos, previo al cocido, en particular para la variedad Manzanilla.En este trabajo se estudian una serie de tratamientos previos relacionados con la operación de cocido y se optimizan las principales modificaciones aplicadas por la industria. Como tratamiento previo, estrechamente relacionado con la recolección mecánica de las aceitunas, se estudia el transporte en líquido (soluciones alcalinas de muy baja concentración) de los frutos recién recolectados. También, se estudia el cocido directo con adición de sales de calcio y/o sodio y el enfriamiento de la propia lejía de cocido, con el objetivo adicional de eliminar el reposo en la variedad Manzanilla.Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que un tratamiento de lejías de baja concentración es muy útil para el transporte de las aceitunas recolectadas mecánicamente y que, además influye positivamente en la eliminación del reposo en la variedad Manzanilla, sin pérdida de calidad en el producto final. Por otro lado, la adición de sales de calcio y/o sodio a la lejía de cocido y el enfriamiento de la misma da lugar a tratamientos que mejoran la textura y evitan la rotura de la piel de las aceitunas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceitunas aderezadas -CalcioRecolección mecánica -Temperatura -Transporte en líquido.
SUMMARYNew trends on the alkaline treatment "cocido" of Spanish or Sevillian Style green table olivesThe "cocido": alkaline treatment to eliminate bitterness is the main step involved in the process of elaboration of pickled green olives. Over time, this treatment has undergone a series of modifications in order to reduce the volume of its waste water and to avoid the storage of the fruits, prior to the lye treatment, in the Manzanilla variety.In this paper, a series of previous treatments related to the lye treatment and the principal modifications applied by the industry are optimized. As a previous treatment, related to the mechanical harvesting of the olives, the transport of the fruits freshly harvested in liquid (alkaline solutions of very low concentration) was studied. Also, the addition of calcium and / or sodium salts and a cooling of the lye was studied, with the additional aim of eliminating the storage step in the Manzanilla variety.On the basis of these results, it can be said that a previous storage of fruits of the Manzanilla variety in NaOH solution of low concentration is useful for the mechanical harvesting of olives without a loss in product quality. On the other hand, the addition of calcium and / or sodium salts in the lye solution and the cooling of it improved olive texture and avoided the blistering defect.KEY-WORDS: Calci...
Studies the process of implementing industrial robots in Spanish
industry. Most of the firms surveyed already had experience of
automation and used the first robot to gain experience of this new
technology. The training and integration of staff in the project, the
firm′s technology level and support from top management were found to be
the factors which have the most influence on producing positive results
when robots are introduced.
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