At present, it is essential to take actions to minimize CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, and one way to use and exploit it is through the use of carbon dioxide for industry processes, such as enhanced oil recovery. By carrying out carbon capture, geological storage and improving oil recovery by applying the selection criteria to determine suitability for CO2 sequestration in the Llanos Orientales Basin as a tool to improve hydrocarbon production. It would be a first step in the sustainable development of the extractive oil industry in Colombia, which is one of the participants in greenhouse gas releases. The above can be achieved through the application of CO2–EOR processes, which are mainly miscible or immiscible methods. Finally, the importance of identifying existing CO2 sources is highlighted, in order to carry out the application of a CO2–EOR project.