No abstract

Benchmarking, Engle–Granger’s equation, Kalman’s filter, State space models, GDP, C32, C51, C52, E01, C10,

O crescimento sem planejamento das cidades vem acompanhado do crescimento dos assentamentos informais, as chamadas favelas. As favelas são aglomerados de moradias predominantemente insalubres, construídas em terrenos ocupados ilegalmente. Essa ocupação dá origem a uma série de impactos no meio ambiente, afetando diretamente a sustentabilidade do meio urbano. O presente trabalho traz a análise da legislação que incide sobre o uso e ocupação do solo, bem como da política habitacional brasileira, promovendo a discussão acerca da relação entre esta, a favelização das cidades e o meio ambiente. Como objeto de estudo e recorte para tratamento da questão tomou-se a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados de tal discussão apontam como se desencadeiam os impactos ambientais no meio urbano. Entretanto acredita-se que guardando as devidas especificidades da situação do Rio de Janeiro, os resultados deste trabalho possam ser aplicados em outras grandes cidades brasileiras.

We examine the extent of the exogeneity of the money supply using monthly data spanning from 1964.04 to 1986.02. The tests applied investigated the plausibility of classical hypotheses. We employed Kalman Filter procedures, Johansen cointegration procedures, and the bootstrap approach. We argued that the real rate of interest did cause, in the Granger sense, the bond stock supporting the claim that the monetary authority was able to perform indirect monetary control through open market transactions. The results show that seigniorage collection was a white noise and econometrically independent from the inflation rate. Money creation and the inflation rate were cointegrated. We found that money growth was weakly exogenous for the parameter of interest in the conditional model of inflation, but the reverse is not true for inflation. Moreover, Granger's causal relation between them was unidirectional from money to inflation. Therefore, money growth was strongly exogenous concerning the inflation rate. These empirical findings differ greatly from many previous results. Our main contribution is having demonstrated that the monetary supply was exogenous with respect to the inflation rate and that the monetary authority had enough independence to execute an active monetary policy.

The paper presents a methodological proposal in the form of a framework for redesigning informal settlements based on Low-impact Design and Development methodology. It involves the management of rainwater through the implementation of urban infrastructure on local scale in a decentralized and collaborative manner. It served as an object of study the region of Baixada de Jacarepagua, a vector of expansion of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The proposed framework adopts Action-Research methodology. The stages envisaged in the framework are: (i) initial, which involves approaching the community, establishing bonds and setting up a management group, (ii) diagnosis, and (iii) project. The application of the framework is demonstrated by means of a case study of the community, which typifies the slums in areas of marshland and the peripheral urban landscape. It is believed that this framework can guide the urban redesign of other communities within the perspective of sustainable development.