Purpose: Autologous bone grafts remain a standard of care for the reconstruction of large bony defects, but limitations persist. We explored the bone regenerative capacity of customized, 3D printed bioactive ceramic (3DBC) scaffolds with Dipyridamole (DIPY), adenosine A2A receptor (A 2A R) indirect agonist known to enhance bone formation. Methods: Critical-sized bony defects (10mm height, 10mm length, full thickness) were created at the mandibular rami of rabbits (n=15). Defects were replaced by a custom-to-defect, 3DBC scaffold composed of β-tricalcium phosphate. Scaffolds were uncoated (control), collagen-coated (COLL), or immersed in 100μM Dipyridamole (DIPY). At t=8 weeks, animals were euthanized and the rami retrieved. Bone growth was assessed exclusively within scaffold pores, and evaluated by microCT/advanced reconstruction software. MicroCT quantification was calculated. Nondecalcified histology was performed. A general linear mixed model was performed to compare group means and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Qualitative analysis did not show an inflammatory response. The control and COLL groups (12.3±8.3% and 6.9±8.3% bone occupancy of free space, respectively) had less bone

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Based on the present methodology, the experimental alterations of surgical technic can be clinically used with no detrimental effect over the osseointegration process.

Aims. This study evaluated the effects of L-PRF presence and implant surface texture on bone healing around immediately placed implants. Methods. The first mandibular molars of 8 beagle dogs were bilaterally extracted, and implants (Blossom™, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL) were placed in the mesial or distal extraction sockets in an interpolated fashion per animal. Two implant surfaces were distributed per sockets: (1) dual acid-etched (DAE, micrometer scale textured) and (2) micrometer/nanometer scale textured (Ossean™ surface). L-PRF (Intraspin system, Intra-Lock International) was placed in a split-mouth design to fill the macrogap between implant and socket walls on one side of the mandible. The contralateral side received implants without L-PRF. A mixed-model ANOVA (at α = 0.05) evaluated the effect of implant surface, presence of L-PRF, and socket position (mesial or distal), individually or in combination on bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Results. BAFO values were significantly higher for the Ossean relative to the DAE surface on the larger mesial socket. The presence of L-PRF resulted in higher BAFO. The Ossean surface and L-PRF presence resulted in significantly higher BAFO. Conclusion. L-PRF and the micro-/nanometer scale textured surface resulted in increased bone formation around immediately placed implants.

The study evaluated the effects of a Supercritical CO (scCO ) on a commercially available decellularized/delipidized naturally derived porcine pericardium collagen membrane, Vitala®. The Vitala® and scCO treated experimental membranes were evaluated for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) of periodontal tissue in class III furcation defects utilizing a dog model. Physical material characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vivo portion of the study was allocated to three-time points (6, 12, and 24-weeks) using standardized class III furcation defects created in the upper second and third premolars. The experimental defects (n = 5) were covered with either a collagen membrane (positive control), scCO -treated collagen membrane (experimental) or no membrane (negative control). Following sacrifice, histologic serial sections were performed from cervical to apical for morphologic/morphometric evaluation. Morphometric evaluation was carried out by ranking the presence of collagen membrane, amount of bone formation within the defect site and inflammatory cell infiltrate content. SEM showed the experimental scCO -treated membrane to have a similar gross fibrous appearance and chemical structure in comparison to the Vitala® Collagen membrane. A significant increase in membrane thickness was noted in the scCO -treated membranes (366 ± 54 μm) vs non-treated membranes (265 ± 75 μm). TGA and DSC spectra indicated no significant qualitative differences between the two membranes. For the in vivo results, both membranes indicated significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone (scCO : 2.85 ± 1.1; Vitala®: 2.80 ± 1.0) within the covered defects relative to uncovered controls (0.8 ± 0.27) at 24 weeks. Both membrane types gradually degraded as time elapsed in vivo from 6 to 12 weeks, and presented nearly complete resorption at 24 weeks. The inflammatory infiltrate at regions in proximity with the membranes was commensurate with healthy tissue levels from 6 weeks in vivo on, and periodontal ligament regeneration onset was detected at 12 weeks in vivo. The effect of the supplementary scCO treatment step on the collagen membrane was demonstrated to be biocompatible, allowing for the infiltration of cells and degradation over time. The treated membranes presented similar performance in GTR to non-treated samples in Class III furcation lesions. Defects treated without membranes failed to achieve regeneration of the native periodontium. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000-000, 2018.