This study aims to offer a historical overview of the emergence and evolution of group psychotherapy, tracing its roots, main models and theoretical bases. Its origin goes back to the beginning of the past century (1905), after which it evolved for five decades: the formative years. Further on, during the 50's and 60's, group psychotherapy went through a period of theoretical expansion, followed by a period of consolidation in the 70's, and maturation in the 80's and 90's. Finally, the study examines its recent evolution, highlighting the construction of new models. In the last few years, several treatment techniques have been developed to attend specific patient populations, with a variety of medical and psychosocial conditions, which suggests an increasing tendency towards a greater specificity of its application.
Neste trabalho são revistos os fundamentos do desenvolvimento dos antipsicóticos de ação prolongada, a aderência ao tratamento, fatores que dificultam o seguimento da prescrição e suas conseqüências, benefícios e aceitação dos antipsicóticos de ação prolongada. A partir dos dados desta primeira parte do trabalho, os seguintes pontos devem ser destacados: a taxa de não aderência ao tratamento na esquizofrenia é em torno de 60%; por se tratar de uma doença crônica com elevado risco de recaída, a manutenção do medicamento auxilia no seu controle. Os antipsicóticos de ação prolongada foram desenvolvidos exatamente com este objetivo: garantir a administração do medicamento e a sua regularidade, condições essenciais na prevenção da recaída. Apesar dos benefícios inestimáveis do antipsicóticos de ação prolongada, diversos fatores contribuíram para que tivessem uma utilização aquém do seu potencial.
This study examines the patient in group psychotherapy, describing factors that provide changes during the process and the particularities of this therapeutic mode. Based on the available literature and the authors' systematic experience throughout thirty years of group therapeutic work, the variables that determine the commitment of the group members in a productive and well-succeeded therapeutic relation are discussed. It is emphasized how the patients assimilate the psychotherapeutic process and the way in which they participate in achieving their own improvement.
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