While entrepreneurship research theorizing about the team formation in start-up ventures exists, such studies mostly focus on different outcomes of team formation, for example the number of employees. Questions about how team formation processes unfold and the factors, such as labor-market institutions, influencing their evolvement remain unanswered. To address this research gap, we analyze the venture creation processes of 344 ventures in Germany and the USA, offering particularly typical examples of countries with regulated and deregulated labor-market institutions respectively. Based on optimal matching techniques, we illustrate how team formation processes differ over time in terms of founder and employee involvement and the hiring of service providers. Furthermore, we use binary logistic regressions to identify the extent to which national labor-market institutions account for these differences.

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented and analyzed. The data obtained is used to review and evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative modeling approach for detailed cable and ground modeling, which allows for the consideration of typical German LV earthing conditions and asymmetrical cable design, is proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods for model parameters are described and compared to laboratory measurement results of real LV cables. The models are then evaluated in terms of parameter sensitivity and parameter relevance, focusing on the influence of conventionally performed simplifications, such as neglecting house junction cables, shunt admittances, or temperature dependencies. By comparing measurement data from a real LV feeder to simulation results, the proposed modeling approach is validated.

The increasing number of electric vehicles poses new challenges to the power grid. Their charging process stresses the power system, as additional energy has to be supplied, especially during peak load periods. This additional load can result in critical network situations depending on various parameters. These impacts may vary based on market penetration, the energy demand, the plug-in time, the charging rate, and the grid topology and the associated operational equipment. Hence, the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid was analysed for twelve typical German low voltage grids by applying power flow calculations. One main result was that thermal and voltage-related network overloads were highly dependent on market penetration and grid topology.

Influence of EV charging on distribution gridsEV owner want to charge their car immediately after the purchase Distribution system officer should be informed when charging infrastructure is installed Grid expansion (3 -6 months duration) will be necessary in several distribution grids A stopgap measure has to be found to enable EV charging until grid expansion is completed Battery storage is one possibility Dimensioning of battery storage as temporary equipment during grid reinforcement caused by electric vehicles -Lukas Held 26.03.2020

External linkages allow nascent ventures to access crucial resources during the process of new product development. Forming external linkages can substantially contribute to a venture’s performance. However, little is known about the paths of external linkage formation, as well as the circumstances that drive the choice to pursue one rather than another path. This gap deserves further investigation, because we do not know whether insights developed for incumbent firms also apply to nascent ventures: To address this gap, we explore a novel dataset of 370 venture creation processes. Using sequence analyses based on optimal matching techniques and cluster analyses, we reveal that nascent ventures pursue one of overall four distinct paths of linkage formation activities during new product development. Contrary to the findings of the strategy literature, we find that if nascent ventures engage in external linkages at all, they do not combine exploration- and exploitation-oriented linkages but form either exploration- or exploitation-oriented linkages. Additional regression analyses highlight the circumstances that lead nascent ventures to pursue one rather than the other pathways. Taken together, our analyses point out that resource scarcity constitutes an important factor shaping the linkage formation activities of nascent ventures. Accordingly, we show that nascent ventures tend not to optimize by adding complementary knowledge to the firm’s knowledge base but rather to extend the existing knowledge base—a strategy which we call bricolage.