Diabetes is a chronic disease which has reached pandemic proportions in a lot of countries of the world. In spite of the remarkable development in therapeutics chemistry, the usage of customary drugs is still a common practice for the treatment of diabetes. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on kidney functions in the experimentally-induced diabetes in male rabbits. Diabetes was experimentally introduced by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg BW). After three days of alloxan injection, samples were taken for the determination of glucose concentration. Serum glucose concentration of 200mg/ml was considered as an indication of animal diabetes. The experimental part was begun after 7 days of alloxan injection. Thirty two adult male rabbits were arbitrarily separated into four groups and treated daily for 45 days. Group 1 was kept with no treatment, group 2 included animals treated with 30mg/kg BW PSO, group 3 included diabetic animals that received alloxan with a dose of 150mg/kg BW, and, finally, group 4 included animals that received alloxan (150mg/kg BW) and treated with PSO (30mg/kg BW). Fasting blood samples were collected by heart puncture technique after 45days of experiments to assess glucose levels.

     This study was designed to investigate the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds in mitigating the complications of induced diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy of adult female rabbits. Thirty adult female rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: Control group (C) drenched tap water, control group intubated orally with 700 mg/kg B.W ethanolic extract of dill (T1), diabetic group drenched tap water (T2), diabetic group intubated orally700 mg/kg B.W of dill (T3) and diabetic group treated with insulin injection 3 I.U S/C (T4). Blood samples were collected by heart puncture at 0 and 45 days of experiment to assess renal efficiency: Serum creatinine, serum urea, and serum glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that diabetes mellitus without treatment group (T2) caused renal damage manifested by significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine, urea and significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) concentration. Oral intubation of alcoholic extract of dill seeds in diabetic treated group (T3) improved renal function through significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum urea, creatinine, and significant (P<0.05) increase in serum glutathione concentration (GSH). It was concluded that alcoholic extract of dill seeds was effective in reducing the complications of diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy.

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional effect of shitake mushroom extract (Lentinan) on some hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy female rabbits. The study included  fourteen rabbits at age of (7-8) weeks. After acclimatization, animals were divided into two equal groups and as follows: first group (G1) or (DW) included seven intact rabbits fed with food and distilled water ad libitum,. The second group (G2) or (L) included seven rabbits that were supplemented with Lentinan (10mg/kg/BW) daily and orally. The results of this study showed that the effect of supplementation the animals with mushroom extract (Lentinan) at a dose 10mg/kg/BW on G2 (L) cause a significant increase (P≤0.05) in total white blood cell. The results also showed that the administration of Lentinan caused a significant increase (P≤0.05) in lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in G2. Also, the effect of Lentinan showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in neutrophil/lymphocytes (N/L) ratio and the Arneth’s index (neutrophil nucleus segmentation test) for neutrophil maturation stages, showed a significant (P≤0.05) shift to right in both groups above that administered with Lentinan, while there were no significant (P≤0.05) change in Lymphocytes/monocytes (L/M) ratio.

| This study was designed to assess the ameliorative role of vitamin E on sperm parameters, reducing male fertility due to oxidative stress induced by atenolol in adult male rats. Thirty-two adult male rats were divided into four equal groups (C, T1, T2 and T3). Where, group C (control group), group T1 treated orally with atenolol, group T2 given atenolol plus vitamin E orally, group T3 given only vitamin E orally. Heart blood was collected at zero and 56 days. Following parameters were studied: Total cholesterol concentration, peroxy nitrate concentration and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration. Histopathological examination of testes and epididymis, Sperm viability, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sperm DNA damage were done at 56 day.Results; results showed a significant elevation in serum total cholesterol and peroxy nitrate in group (T1), while these levels beginning to lowering significantly in group (T2). A significant (P<0.05) decreasing in (GSH) concentration with a significant (P<0.05) increasing to peroxy nitrate in group (T1) as compared with group (T2) which showed a significant (P<0.05) increasing in levels of (GSH). Histopathologically, atenolol affects the testes and epididymis by causing edema in the interstitial tissue with atrophy of leydig cells, incomplete spermatogenesis as comparing to group (T2) which showed complete spermatogenes process and sperm in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Sperm DNA damage analysis of group (T1) showed marked induction of chromosomal damage as compared with vitamin E that ameliorates these harmful effects. In conclusion, vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that ameliorates the deleterious effects on male reproductive system in patient treated with atenolol. Keywords

The present study was designed to demonstrate the effect of crude alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) on some physiological and immunological parameters in male rats treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Twenty rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for (30) days as follows: control group (c) which were given ordinary tap water, first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water, the second treated group (G2) was given alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) by oral intubation, third treated group(G3) was given H2O2 and polyphenol. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: Total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (%) ,platelet count ,serum protein ,albumin and globulin , Neutrophil /lymphocyte index, Albumin /Globulin and Phagocytic index. The results showed a significant increase in, total WBC count of polyphenol treated group (G2) and polyphenol compounds plus H2O2, Lymphocyte percentage in both polyphenol (G2) and polyphenol with H2O2 (G3) treated groups ,percentage of neutrophil in H2O2 (G1) group and monocyte percentage in both H2O2 (G1) and H2O2 with polyphenol (G3) groups as compared with control group. Significant depression in platelet count in H2O2 group (G1) as compared with other treated groups was also recorded. The immunological test showed a significant increase in phagocytic index in polyphenol and H2O2 group (G3) as compared with other groups. The result also pointed a significant increase in the concentration of protein and globulin in polyphenol compounds with H2O2 group (G3) and also a significant increase in albumin concentration of group G2, while there was a significant decrease in globulin concentration of H2O2 (G1) group as compared with other groups. On conclusion it seems that treatment with alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive at concentration of 200 mg/kg B.W. has the ability to correct the adverse effect of hydrogen peroxide in male rats.