To date, there has been little attention focused on jade powder, the leftover of the jade polishing process, although jade has been long considered precious and valuable. Herein, jade powder was characterized, followed by an investigation on its biocompatibility and bactericidal effects. Characterization conducted by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the main component of jade powder is tremolite, which is in good crystallization with no typical peaks of possible impurities observed. Tremolite’s main elements are oxygen, calcium, magnesium, and silicon, all of which exist in the form of oxides. Water contact angle, trace element content, and in vitro cytotoxicity analyses demonstrated that jade powder is of hydrophilicity and good cytocompatibility and contains only parts-per-million-level heavy metals. Meanwhile, antibacterial evaluation proved that the jade powder had excellent antimicrobial effects against both gram positive and negative microbes such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggested that jade powder is a promising material that could be used in the fields of biological and medical applications.