Objective:To produce, purify, and characterize a polyclonal antibody against acrylamide (anti-AA) for an application to immunochromatographic strip tests for AA.Materials and Methods:Polyclonal anti-AA was prepared by injecting N-acryloxysuccinimideconjugated bovine serum albumin hapten-antigen into New Zealand white rabbits. The antibody was purified using protein A, characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The conjugated antibody was then characterized using UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunochromatographic strip tests were performed using sample pads, conjugated pads, test zones, control zones, and absorbent pads. Strip tests were finally validated using standard AA solutions followed by the application of various concentrations of coffee samplesResults:Using SDS-PAGE, the purified anti-AA antibody was resolved at 50 and 25 kDa, indicating the presence of heavy and light chains, respectively. The conjugation of anti-AA with AuNP was confirmed using wavelength shifts in UV–Vis and FTIR spectra, and TEM analyses revealed increased diameters of AuNPs after conjugation. The immunochromatographic strip test was sensitive to 1 mgml-1 standard AA. Various concentrations of coffee samples resulted in red color differences in the test zone. High and low coffee concentrations produced thick and thin red lines, respectively.Conclusion:Purified anti-AA can be conjugated with AuNP to produce strip tests for detecting AA in coffee samples. The present immunochromatographic strip tests quantitatively showed increasing intensities of red lines with increasing AA concentrations.

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This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a waste cooking oil-based biodiesel reactor prototype media used as a learning medium with a circulation system. The method in this research is Research and Development using the Waterfall model. The stages in the waterfall development model are (1) requirements definition including (needs analysis, analysis of used cooking oil characteristics, analysis of renewable energy, hardware requirements), (2) implementation and unit testing, (3) integration and system testing including: (testing the reactor, and testing the appropriateness of the media and materials), (5) operation and maintenance include: (testing the biodiesel reactor to students ). The research subjects were three lecturers as material expert validators and media experts and ten mechanical engineering vocational students as users to test the product's feasibility. The research results are as follows; development of biodiesel reactor media and results of feasibility research by media experts got an average score of 4.48 with the category "very feasible." Assessment by material experts got an average score of 4.5 with the category "very feasible," and ratings from users got an average score of 4.095 with the category " decent."

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Gelatin was extracted from porcine skin and used as an antigen to produce the polyclonal antibodies of porcine gelatin using New Zealand white rabbits for application in the development of an ELISA-based immunosensor for porcine gelatin recognition. The extraction of porcine gelatin from porcine skin was successfully performed with 20.52 % of yield. The characterization performed by using UV and IR spectroscopy indicated that the purified gelatin has a comparable quality against the commercial standard of porcine gelatin. Further analysis of the gelatin with SDS-PAGE method observed five separation lines with molecular weight bands of 57.06; 49.50; 42.94; 33.89; and 29.40 KDa, indicating that the gelatin can be used as an antigen to produce the polyclonal antibodies of porcine gelatin. After five injections of gelatin into the rabbit, ELISA characterization of the purified serum of the blood rabbit showed that the antibody with a concentration of 0.289 mg/mL could be produced.