Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is an important proinflammatory cytokine driving axonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of TNF-a -308 G/A and -238 G/A polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Tear and serum levels of cytokines and growth factors measured with Luminex technology showed a large variation in rosacea and healthy subjects. Decreased levels of tear IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may lead to an inflammatory ocular surface environment, exacerbate ocular surface inflammation, and deteriorate tear function tests. A bigger sample size, including rosacea patients with corneal involvement, is needed to confirm the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of rosacea-associated ocular inflammation.

No abstract