Objective: This study aimed to describe the perception of cultural competence (CC) among nurses of four Asian countries.  Material and Methods:  A descriptive qualitative study was carried out, including fourteen nurses for in-depth interviews and 63 nurses for 8 focus group discussions being purposively selected from four Asian countries. Data were analyzed based on content analysis. Results: The participants defined CC as similar to cultural care, and described their CC in four main themes: (1) caring focus for patients with different cultures, (2) valuing holistic care/ patient-centered nursing, (3) preparing for living with God or Buddha, and (4) considering the social norms and patient rights. Assessment of the patient’s cultural background and myths contrary to medicine, along with having professional nursing knowledge, skills, and experience were the components of CC. Conclusion: The participants have addressed their CC in providing culturally, congruent care with a universal, holistic, and empathetic approach. Nurses should be trained to develop skills in multicultural care and language and made aware of their patients’ cultural beliefs. Further, CC scales for nurses working in the selected, four Asian countries should be developed.

Hemodialysis is a procedure for cleaning blood through an artificial kidney or dialyzer and assisted by a machine. Kidney failure patients undergoing therapy experience anxiety due to various stressors. One way to overcome anxiety is to use relaxation therapy, including Benson relaxation. Benson relaxation is a breathing relaxation technique with the addition of an element of belief in the form of words that express the anxiety that is being experienced by the patient. The purpose of this literature is to determine the effectiveness of Benson's relaxation on reducing anxiety in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. A literature review that is comparing some literature through the journal databases used are Pubmed, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Garuda Portal and Jane Semantic. The keywords are "benson relaxation, anxiety, chronic renal failure and hemodialysis" or "benon relaxation technique on anxiety of patient hemodialysis" or "benson relaxation for anxiety disorders" or "benson relaxation for patients undergoing hemodialysis" or "non-pharmacological therapy for reduce anxiety from 2016-2021 full text. There are seven journals reviewed and used in this literature review. The results show that Benson relaxation is proven to be effective in reducing anxiety in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in a quiet environment, patients can relax the muscles of the body, focus for 10-15 minutes and think positively.

Patient adherence during the treatment period must be considered, because patient adherence plays an important role in achieving therapeutic success, especially for chronic diseases. Treatment non-adherence is a common and complex problem. Failure to follow a treatment schedule can lead to major health complications, including death. To avoid it, several interventions are needed to control patient non-adherence. There are several interventions that can support and improve patient adherence. These include digital interventions; increasing patient knowledge and understanding of the treatment being undertaken with counseling, Drug Information Services (PIO), providing educational leaflets, digital pillbox reminders and Pill Cards; family support; diaries; keep treatment commitments. Based on this, it is necessary to have an intervention method in terms of education (educational), behavior (behavior), and attitude (affective) in order to achieve patient adherence and the success of chronic disease therapy.

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Background: Osteoporosis prevention at young ages is crucial to diminish the risk of the disease and its complication in later years of life. Having good osteoporosis knowledge and positive health belief may lead to better preventive behavior which then contributes to build and maintain bone health throughout life. Objective: To investigate knowledge, health belief, and behavior of osteoporosis prevention among female healthcare students. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a public medical university in Da Nang of Vietnam. Four hundred participants were selected by applying the multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2020 through the questionnaire that consists of 4 parts including the demographic data form, the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool, the osteoporosis health belief scale, and the exercise and calcium behaviors scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. Results: Participants had poor osteoporosis knowledge (mean [SD], 37.8 [16.0]; range, 0 - 75) and low preventive behavior (mean [SD], 5.7 [3.5]; range, 0 - 25). Osteoporosis health belief was found at a moderate level with a mean (SD) of 126.7 (12.9) (range, 84 - 187). There were positive significant correlations between knowledge and health belief, knowledge and behavior of osteoporosis prevention (P < .05). Conclusions: Osteoporosis preventive behavior of female healthcare students was low. Osteoporosis education programs should be developed for female healthcare students to improve their knowledge and health belief that would then lead to their better preventive behavior.