Ophiuroids are important benthic marine invertebrates with an unstable taxonomic history. Recent phylogenetic and morphological investigations have promoted major departures from established taxonomy. As such, additional insights into evolutionary relationships of ophiuroids are valuable. We analyzed ribosomal sequence data from a mitochondrial gene (16S rRNA) and a nuclear gene (18S rRNA) from 39 ophiuroids representing 14 of the 18 currently accepted families. Main findings from our study include support for a polyphyletic Ophiomyxidae, paraphyletic Amphiuridae, monophyletic Euryalida, a sister relationship between the Ophiactidae and Ophiotrichidae, and a clade comprised of the Amphiuridae and Amphilepididae. Relationships within the families Gorgonocephalidae, Ophiuridae, Ophiodermatidae and Ophiomyxidae are discussed.

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