A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world since was first scientifically described in December 2019. At present approximately 400 million people have suffered from the disease, almost 6 million people have died.SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in several endocrine glands, including the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, and testes. Thus, the endocrine glands may be a direct target for SARS-CoV-2. The main risk factors for severity of the COVID-19 are obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), vertebral fractures, which potentially predisposes patients to a severe course of COVID-19.In this review, we present current data on the course of COVID-19 in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary diseases, and also discuss treatment for endocrinopathies during to COVID-19.

Acromegaly is a multifactorial neuroendocrine disease caused by hyperproduction of growth hormone (GH). In more than 95% of cases the reason of acromegaly the GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. In patients with this neuroendocrine disease, a slowly developing complex of symptom can manifest with concomitant pathological conditions, including auditory function disordersDiagnostic difficulties of acromegaly at the ambulatory stage determine the importance of doctor`s awareness in different medical specialties.Here we demonstrate a clinical case of the improvement of the auditory function due to combined surgical and medical treatment of a patient with the pituitary macroadenoma, acromegaly and hearing loss.Anamnesis features: a patient with an active stage of acromegaly and a pituitary macroadenoma measuring 57x35x32 mm with ante-, supra-, infra-, parasellar spread, (Knosp III(D), Knosp IV(S) noted a violation of auditory function. She was consulted by an otolaryngologist, sensorineural hearing loss on the right of the 3rd degree was diagnosed, on the left of the 1st degree. The patient underwent surgical treatment of pituitary adenoma, noted a significant improvement in auditory function in the early postoperative period. Six months later, repeated audiometry was performed, marked regression of hearing damage was noted.The case described by us indicates the reversibility of a rare complication of acromegaly — hearing loss and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the management of patients with this pathology.

Cyclic Cushing’s syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by alternating periods of excessive cortisol secretion with corresponding clinical manifestations and periods of spontaneous remission of the disease.To diagnose Cyclic Cushing’s syndrome it is necessary to record at least three episodes of excessive cortisol secretion alternating with periods of normalization of its production.In most cases, this pathology is diagnosed in patients with ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor, however, there are rare cases of cyclic hypercorticism with ectopic ACTH secretion by tumors of different localization and without verification of pathological hormonal secretion focus. In addition, cyclic hyperproduction of cortisol can be also observed in ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome associated with the presence of corticosteroma or adrenal hyperplasia. The exact causes and mechanisms of the cyclic hypercorticism are currently insufficiently studied.Due to the atypical course of the disease, the unpredictability of the occurrence of a new «cycle», the variability of its duration and manifestations (not only in different patients, but also in the same patient), verification of the diagnosis and determination of treatment tactics may be difficult in the daily practice of specialists, and the prevalence of this condition can be undervalued.

Акромегалия -тяжелое мультифакториальное нейроэндокринное заболевание, обусловленное наличием аденомы гипофиза, в избытке продуцирующей гормон роста (ГР) и опосредуемого им инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1 (ИФР-1). Чрезмерное повышение ИФР-1 обусловливает развитие характерной клинической картины акромегалии: диспропорционального роста костей, хрящей, мягких тканей и внутренних органов, нарушения морфо-функционального состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы, различных видов метаболизма. Широко известными свойствами ИФР-1, обусловливающими способность увеличивать пролиферативный потенциал клеток, являются его митогенная и анти-апоптотическая активность. Возникновение новообразований щитовидной железы различного потенциала злокачественности, являясь яркой иллюстрацией избытка ИФР-1 в клинической картине акромегалии, представляется логичным и, в некоторой степени, закономерным осложнением этого нейроэндокринного заболевания. Однако одновременное сосуществование у пациента трех эндокринных патологий -акромегалии, папиллярного рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) и, неожиданно, диффузного токсического зоба (ДТЗ) -является исключительной редкостью и представляет значительный интерес.Существует немало вопросов относительно достоверной оценки риска возникновения новообразований щитовидной железы у пациентов с акромегалией. В ряде исследований неоднократно показано увеличение частоты диффузного нетоксического и узлового зоба при

Acromegaly is a severe neuroendocrine disease characterized by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) caused in 95% of cases by pituitary adenoma, which leads to the development of pathology of various organs and systems. The severity of the condition is due not only to the direct effect of somatotropic hormone on the body and the effect of the adenoma on the surrounding structures, but also to the age of the patient and complications associated with the disease. Improvement in treatment methods allows for a personalized approach to patient management, taking into account various aspects of the clinical case. It is important for a specialist to take into account comorbidity in acromegaly, both in terms of pathological disorders and the impact on the patient’s psycho-emotional state. We present a clinical case of successful treatment with somatostatin analogues (ASS) in a patient who is afraid of surgery and has cardiovascular complications of acromegaly. Since the onset of acromegaly, confirmed by an elevated level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and an endosellar pituitary macroadenoma measuring 11x9.5x8 mm, ASS therapy was initiated in the patient. The choice in favor of conservative treatment was due to a burdened cardiovascular history and the patient’s fear of surgery. Within three years from the start of drug therapy, there was a significant improvement in overall well-being, a tendency to reduce the size of the pituitary adenoma, and biochemical remission was achieved. The clinical case described by us confirms the possibility of successful primary treatment of ASS in a patient with acromegaly, taking into account all individual characteristics.