No abstract

анализ современного сортимента малины, включенного в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ. Изложены результаты селекционных программ по малине научных учреждений за последние 30 лет. Выявлены основные недостатки: наличие старых непродуктивных сортов, не соответствующих современным требованиям, дефицит промышленных сортов, отсутствие ультраранних и поздних сортов.Изложены актуальные направления селекции, научные и организационные трудности в их реализации.Ключевые слова: малина, сортимент, Реестр селекционных достижений, сортообновление, регион Summary. The analysis of the modern raspberry assortment, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, has been done. The results of breeding programs on raspberries of scientific institutions of for the last 30 years are presented. Its main drawbacks have been revealed: the presence of old unproductive varieties that do not meet modern requirements, the deficiency of commercial varieties and absence of ultra-early and late varieties. The current directions of breeding and the difficulties in their implementation have been outlined.

In recent years, raspberry breeding has shifted its emphasis from agronomic performance to characteristics related to the sensory qualities of the fruit and its potential health benef its. The therapeutic and preventive properties of raspberries are related to their biochemical composition. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to determine the content of macro-and micronutrients in fruits of different cultivars of repair raspberry using modern high-tech analytical methods and the selection of genetic sources of the analyzed elements for further breeding. The objects of the research were 17 cultivars of repair raspberry of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic plant bioresource collection of FSBSO ARHCBAN. It was found that the ash residue of berries contains 12 major elements, which form the following descending series: K > P > Mg ≥ Mo > Ca > S ≥ Ni > Zn > Mn > Se > Fe ≥ Co. The largest proportion of ash residue in raspberry fruits is K. Depending on the cultivar, its quantity averaged from 12.81 wt % (Samorodok and Karamelka) to 22.37 wt % (Atlant). The minimum K content was observed in the ash of the Carolina cultivar (5.62 wt %), while in berries of this cultivar Mg (2.91), Ca (2.62) and Zn (0.14 wt %) accumulated above average. Among the group of early maturing cultivars, the cultivar Yubileinaya Kulikova stands out with a high content of Mo (4.63), Ca (2.19), Fe (0.25) and Co (0.21 wt %). The cultivar Pingvin is characterized by a high content of K (22.65) and Se (0.31 wt %). The medium maturity cultivar Samorodok is characterized by a higher content of P (4.08), S (0.47), Ni (0.51) and Zn (0.26 wt %). Among the late maturing cultivars, the cultivar Poranna Rosa stands out with the preferential accumulation of nine elements: Mg (2.98), P (4.42), S (0.36), K (20.34), Ca (1.71), Mn (0.14), Co (0.13), Se (0.21) and Mo (3.08 wt %). Correlation relationships between the elements have been established. Samples with the highest accumulation of macro-and microelements in berries represent genetic sources for further selection of raspberry for improvement of the mineral composition of fruits.

Twelve original parental forms of raspberry, as well as their nine progeny combinations of controlled breeding, were evaluated for the main performance characteristics. The work was carried out at the collection and trial gardens of the Kokin testing station of the FSBSO ARHCBAN in 2019-2021. The shoot loading was determined under field conditions by counting the fruiting branches on a stem and the average number of berries per 1 fruiting branch. The original forms were subjected to triple analysis. The average mass of berries was determined by measuring no less than 100 fruits in each analysis using the SCC-750 electronic balance. Hybrid seedlings were counted by bush, and at least 30 fruits were collected from each plant to determine the average berry mass. The weather conditions during the study period varied considerably. This ensured a more accurate evaluation of the studied raspberry material for its performance characteristics. Several varieties were differentiated by the following parameters: Smile, Gusar, Lavina, Skromnitsa and selected forms 8-6-3 and 11-126-1 by the number of laterals per stem (20 and more); Brigantina and selected form 11-126-1 by the number of fruits per lateral (16 berries per fruiting branch); Cowichan, Lavina, Phenomen by fruit mass (over 3.5 g). The negative association of berry mass with the number of berries per fruiting branch was confirmed. It was established that the berry mass is associated by 25 % with the variations in fruit number on the lateral. Analysing the hybrid progeny allowed the most promising breeding combinations to be identified based on performance characteristics. When breeding for improving the number of laterals per stem, the families Gusar×8-6-3, Gusar×Volnitsa, 8-6-3×Cowichan, 8-6-3×Smile deserve special attention; Gusar×Volnitsa, 8-6-3×Smile, 8-6-3×D-1-1, Skromnitsa×Phenomenon and 18-11-2×11-126-1 when breeding for improving polycarpic yield; Skromnitsa×Phenomenon and Brigantina×Lavina when breeding for improving the size of a fruit. Among the hybrid progeny of some breeding combinations, the genotypes 2-58-2, 2-58-3 (18-11-2×11-126-1), 2-60-1, 2-61-2 (Hussar×8-6-3), 2-59-1, 2-59-2 (Skromnitsa×Phenomenon), 2-83-1 (Brigantina×Lavina), and 2-60-2 (8-6-3×Cowichan) were obtained that exhibit several performance characteristics and represent novel material in raspberry breeding for yield improvement.

The purpose of the study was to identify the inheritance traits of economic and biological characteristics and properties in the hybrid progeny of primocane raspberry. The objects of study were 16 parental forms and progeny of 15 hybrid combinations of crosses with a total number of 1008 seedlings. It is established that in breeding of raspberry with a predominant fruiting on annual shoots, there are certain difficulties in obtaining forms with a high degree of remontancy, early, friendly crop ripening, multiple fruits and increased berry strength, as evidenced by the depression in the inheritance of these traits. Despite this, promising combinations of crosses were identified: Podarok Kashinu x Penguin, 44–154–2 x Poklon Kazakovu, 13–118–1 x 1–16–11, Podarok Kashinu x 1–16–11, 13–118–1 x Podarok Kashinu, Atlant x Bryanskoe Divo with the highest yield of transgressive seedlings. In the hybrid progeny, selections of 6–119–1, 3–170–1, 8–189–1, 11–165–10, 10–165–11, 9–163–2, 5–83–10 and others were revealed, combining the degree of remontancy, early fruiting with the components of productivity and fruit quality at a high level.