A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.