The antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone emodin isolated from

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Aims: A two-year field trials were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of pinching and paclobutrazol (PP 333) at 20, 40 and 60 ppm on growth, flowering, histological characteristics and chemical compositions of potted Pelargonium zonale L. plant. Methodology: Uniform terminal cuttings were planted in 8 cm plastic pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat moss and sand. On March 1 st of 2015 and 2016, uniform well rooted cuttings were repotted in 20 cm diameter plastic pots filled with a mixture of 1 clay: 1 sand :1 peat moss (v:v:v). Pinching was applied after 21 days from transplanting by removing the apical bud of all the upcoming buds, allowed to produce side shoots. After one month, the plants were received four sprays with PP 333 at 20, 40 and 60 ppm plus tap water as control at two weeks intervals. Results: Results showed that: All pinching and PP 333 concentrations decreased plant height (compacting showy plants), particularly the combined treatment of PP 333 at 60 ppm with pinching in Original Research Article

Two field trials were carried out to study the effect of 16 treatments represented the combination between four concentrations of kinetin (0.0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm.) and four levels (0.0, 2, 4 and 6 g/plant) of mineral fertilization on the growth, flowering, bulb productivity, chemical composition and histological features of Hippeastrum vittatum plant.Results showed that all tested kinetin concentrations statistically improved vegetative growth parameters i.e., plant height, number of leaves, leaves fresh weight and leaves dry weight, flowering growth parameters i.e., flowering start, inflorescence length, flowering stem diameter and inflorescence fresh weight, bulb growth parameters i.e. bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb, number and diameter of bulblets, chemical composition parameters i.e., N, P, K, total carbohydrates and total chlorophylls contents as well as endogenous phytohormones i.e. cytokinins, gibberellins, auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and histological features of Hippeastrum vittatum leaf with superior to the medium and high rates. Also, all mineral fertilization levels significantly improved the aforementioned parameters, especially the high levels. Additionally, most the combinations of kinetin concentrations and levels of mineral fertilization improved all the studied parameters, particularly combinations between kinetin at 60 ppm and mineral fertilization at 6 g/plant in both seasons. As for the anatomical studies, several alternations were existed with different applied treatments. Most of the combinations between kinetin concentrations and levels of mineral fertilization gave the highest parameters values in transfer sections of the blade as compared with the control. The most effective treatment was kinetin at 60 ppm combined with mineral fertilization at 6 g/plant. Conclusively, spraying Hippeastrum vittatum plants with kinetin at 60ppm and mineral fertilization with N:P:K at the ratio of 2:1:2, respectively induced prospective effects on vegetative growth and flowering parameters with higher bulbs productivity.

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