A high incidence of thromboembolic events have been reported among thalassemia intermedia patients especially in splenectomized patients. This study has been conducted to evaluate the coagulation state of patients referred to thalassemia research center at Booali Sina Teaching Hospital, Sari, Iran. This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed in 2007. Sixty thalassemia intermedia patients aged older than 10 years were enrolled. After recording demographic and therapeutic data of the participants, the plasma levels of Coagulant factors were measured. Obtained Data were analyzed using SPSS 13 software and t-test and chi-square tests. Of 60 studied patients, 62% were female. The mean age of the patients was 26.6 +/- 9.3 years. ASA tablet were used in 53.3%. None of the patients have experienced thromboembolic events. Decrease in protein C has been observed in 60%. Antithrombin III was decreased in 42% and protein S declined in 10% of the patients. Mutation in factor V leiden was seen in 3%. Splenectomy performed in 53.3% and there was no significant relation between low level of protein C and protein S, antithrombin III and presence of factor V Leiden with splenectomy (p > 0.05). Regarding to the high incidence of low levels of protein C, protein S and antithrombin III among thalassemia intermedia patients, there is an increased risk of thromboembolic events in the patients.

It has been proposed that the composition of the culture medium, especially its amino acids, is an important part of getting microspore androgenesis to occur in some plants. However, there have been far fewer studies done on the Solanaceae family. In this study, we studied what happened to eggplant microspore culture when we mixed casein hydrolysate (0 and 100 mg L-1) with four amino acids: proline (0, 100, 500, and 900 mg L-1), glutamine (0 and 800 mg L-1), serine (0 and 100 mg L-1), and alanine (0 and 100 mg L-1). The results showed that a combination of 800 mg L-1 of glutamine, 100 mg L-1 of serine, 100 mg L-1 of casein hydrolysate, and 500 mg L-1 of proline produced the maximum number of calli per Petri dish (938). Calli had a globular shape and a compact appearance when formed in media containing 500 mg L-1 of proline (alone or combined with serine, alanine, and/or casein hydrolysate). Most of these structures were observed in a medium with 500 mg L-1 of proline, 100 mg L-1 of casein hydrolysate, and 100 mg L-1 of serine. We also investigated what happened when gum arabic (2400, 2600, 3600, 4600, and 5600 mg L-1) was combined with proline (0 and 500 mg L-1), casein hydrolysate (0 and 100 mg L-1), and glutamine (0, 400, and 800 mg L-1). The findings demonstrated the involvement of proline in the increase of calli. Overall, the results give us new information about how amino acids work in eggplant microspore culture and suggest that proline can move this plant’s microspore androgenesis pathway forward.