Studied were the yield, biochemical composition, tasting and consumer quality indicators of 24 hybrid forms and 12 varieties of cherry bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Fruit Crops. The research was carried out using conventional methods of analysis and standard methods of cherry variety studying. Of the group of varieties of early-medium ripening, the best distinguished by a high content of soluble dry substances, sugars and vitamin C were the varieties Zhemchuzhnaya, Granatovaya, Almaznaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Bereket, and hybrid forms 31/7; 109/1 and 180/1 in which the mass concentration of these substances ranged from 12.4-14.7 %; 10.34-12.85 % and 6.9-9.5 mg%, respectively. Among the varieties of medium ripening, the largest ability to accumulate soluble dry substances, sugars and vitamin C in fruits was shown by the varieties Bujnakskaya chernaya, Lezginka, Maral and hybrids numbered 43/2; 190/4 and 71/3 in which the content of these components of the chemical composition was 12.4-16.6 %; 10.53-12.19 % and 7.2-9.2 mg%, respectively. The best indicators of fetal weight, compared to the control variety of cherries Dagestanka (7.4 g) in the group of varieties of early-medium maturation were shown by: Zhemchuzhnaya (8.0 g); Granatovaya (8.2 g) and Bereket (8.3 g). Among the varieties of medium ripening, a more significant mass of the fruit compared to the control variety Napoleon chernaya (7.2 g) was in the varieties Maral (7.4 g) and Bujnakskaya chernaya (8.3 g). The highest overall tasting rating (4.9-5 points) was received by the fruits of the varieties Granatovaya, Bereket, Zhemchuzhnaya, Lezginka, Bujnakskaya chernaya and Maral. The same varieties had good indicators of average yield (t/ha): Granatovaya – 9.78; Bereket – 8.72; Bujnakskaya chernaya – 7.59 and Maral – 7.54. Taking into account the results of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the varieties of cherry bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Fruit Crops Granatovaya, Bereket, Buinakskaya chernaya and Maral the fruits of which have the best agronomic characters and high commodity and consumer qualities, can be submitted for state variety testing and used in breeding work.

Abstract. The purpose. Identification of among the variety of cherries introduced in the natural and climatic conditions of the northern foothills of Dagestan, the most promising variety samples distinguished by high nutritional value and the best commodity and consumer quality indicators for further use in selection and horticulture in order to optimize the industrial variety of cherries. Methods. The studies were carried out using generally accepted chemical methods of analysis and standard methods of sweet cherry variety study. Results. It was determined that the largest amount of soluble solids was contained in the fruits of the varieties: Melanbayer (15.3 %), Polyanka (14.8 %), Lyaskovska Khrushchalka (14.6 %) and Merton Bigarro (14.5 %). The best in terms of the mass concentration of sugars (11.57–12.81 %) were the varieties Sofiyska Khrushchalka, Merton Bigarro, Polyanka and Melanbayer. The varieties Gudzon, Merton Bigarro, Polyanka, Melanbayer and Meteor distinguished themselves with a high content of titrated acids (0.80–1.14 %). Sweet cherry varieties Polyanka, Sofiyska Khrushchalka, Gudzon, Van, Melanbayer and Merton Bigarro were distinguished by the greatest ability to accumulate vitamin C (7.21–9.16 mg%). The fruits of the Polyanka and Sofiyska Khrushchalka varieties received the highest tasting rating (5 points). The best indicators of fruit weight were distinguished by the varieties Van (6.7 g), Gudzon (7.2 g), Lyaskovska Khrushchalka (7.2 g) and Polyanka (9.0 g). The results of the technical analysis of the fruits of the sweet cherry prototypes showed that the Merton Bigarro, Van, Lyaskovska Hrushalka and Polyanka varieties belong to the highest commercial grade. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive quality assessment of 12 varieties of sweet cherries introduced in the conditions of foothill Dagestan was carried out and the most promising varieties were identified (Polyanka, Gudzon, Merton Bigarro, Van and Sofiyska Khrushchalka), which are distinguished by the best quality indicators that can be recommended for successful optimization of the industrial variety, as well as used as donors and gene sources in selection work in order to improve the biochemical composition, commodity-consumer and tasting characteristics of fruits.

The development of new varieties of cherries with a combination of economically important traits, along with the high nutritional value of the fruit, is an important trend in breeding research, which renews and expands the variety range of cherries. The agrobiological and consumer properties of seven new varieties of sweet cherries of Dagestan breeding (FSBSI Dagestan breeding experimental station of fruit crops) are presented: Bela, Dagestan red, Bigarro Krainsky, Garnet, Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Lezginka and Nike. The research was carried out using conventional methods for a variety research and biochemical methods of analysis. It was determined that the cherry varieties Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Pomegranate, White and Nike are highly resistant to spring frosts, with the subfreezing of flowers being less than 18.3%. The fruits of the varieties Nike, Bela, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo are the most resistant to dehiscence, since the index of dehiscence during ripening at high humidity for these varieties varied within 13.5–18.2 %. The susceptibility of new varieties to Coccomyces and monilial blight is insignificant (no more than 1.2 points). Varieties Bigarro Krainsky, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Nike are characterized by the highest content of soluble solids (12.4–16.3%) and sugars (11.01–12.02%) in fruits. Bigarro Krainski, Bela and Lezginka exhibited the highest vitamin C content (9.24– 9.70 mg %). With the exception of the Bela variety (5.0 g), all new varieties of cherries are characterised by large fruits (7.5–9.5 g). Tasting indicators were rated as high (within 4.7–5.0 points on a five-point scale) for the Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Nike varieties. The average yield was the highest for Nike, Bela and Garnet (8.0–9.6 t/ ha). The study showed that new cherry varieties obtained a combination of economic and biologically valuable traits, along with improved consumer properties compared with the control varieties. Therefore, they are recommended as valuable parent materials for breeding programs and the expansion of commercial cherry orchards in Dagestan in order to obtain high-quality fruit products.

Comparative assessment of yield, commercial-consumer and tasting parameters of fruit quality of more than 20 introduced cherry varieties of different maturation periods grown in agro-ecological conditions of Dagestan foothills is presented. The most promising varieties, characterized by high yield, the best commercial and consumer and organoleptic properties, were revealed. Studies of quality indicators were carried out using generally accepted methods. It was determined that the mass of the fruit in the studied varieties averaged 6.4 g, and the maximum was 8.3 g (variety Krupnoplodnaya). In the group of middle-aged, with a fruit weight of 6.1-9.5 g, varieties of cherries of early ripening are assigned - Kosmicheskaya (6.6 g) and Valery Chkalov (7.0 g) and all studied varieties of cherries of early-middle and middle ripening, with the exception of varieties Melitopol'skaya rozovaya (5.3 g) and Melitopol'skaya rannyaya (5.4 g). All studied cherry varieties belong to the group of varieties with average sugar accumulation (8.89-11.85%) and acidity (0.65-0.89%). The highest tasting score (5 points) received the fruits of cherry varieties Kosmicheskaya, Valery Chkalov, Krupnoplodnaya, Melitopol'skaya chernaya, Vinka and Romantika, which during the research (2019-2021) showed a good ability to form a crop. A comprehensive assessment of the investigated introduced cherry varieties grown in the foothills of Dagestan showed that the most promising, characterized by high yields, the best commercial and consumer and tasting properties are the Kosmicheskaya, Valery Chkalov, Krupnoplodnaya, Melitopol'skaya chernaya, Vinka and Romantika varieties. These varieties may be recommended for further successful use in production and selection work in order to optimize the industrial variety of cherries

Финансирование:исследованиевыполненоврамкахгосударственногозаданиясогласнотемати-ческомуплануФГБНУФАНЦРДпотемеFNMN-2022-0009«Созданиеновыхсортообразцовплодовых культур,адаптированныхкстрессовымфакторамсреды,разработкаиосвоениеэкологическибезопасныхиконкурентоспособныхсистемпроизводстваипереработкиплодов,овощейикартофеля»,атакжевсоответствииспланомнаучно-исследовательскойработыкафедрытовароведения технологиипродуктовиобщественногопитанияФГБОУВО«Дагестанскийгосударственныйаграр-ныйуниверситетимениМ.М.Джамбулатова» о 1 , м о 2 , Т 3 АННОТАЦИЯ Введение. В условиях возрастающих требований потребителей к качеству фруктов, а пищевых предприятий к перерабатываемому сырью, актуальной проблемой остается поиск сортов садовых культур, отличающихся богатым запасом пищевых веществ в плодах. Черешня (Prunus avium L.) -одно из самых популярных фруктовых растений во многих странах мира. Цель. Цель данной статьи -дать оценку пищевой ценности плодов 12 интродуцированных сортов черешни, выращиваемых в агроэкологических условиях предгорной плодовой зоны Дагестана, с целью выявления среди них сортов, отличающихся наибольшей способностью к накоплению в плодах растворимых сухих веществ, сахаров, тируемых кислот и витамина С. Материалы и методы. Состав и содержание этих пищевых веществ в черешне изучали общепринятыми методами анализа. Сорта Валерий Чкалов, Хеброс, Ламберт Компакт и Мертон Бигарро выделялись высокой концентрацией растворимых сухих веществ (14,5-15,2 %). Результаты. Лучшая сахаристость (11,82-12,81 %) была определена у сортов -Мертон Бигарро, Софийска Хрушалка, Ламберт Компакт и Хеброс. Хорошей способностью к синтезу титруемых кислот (0,85-0,90 %) отличились сорта Гудзон, Космическая и Хеброс. В сортах Ламберт Компакт, Софийска Хрушалка, Гудзон и Хеброс определены значительные массовые концентрации витамина С (8,38-8,84 мг %). Выявленные различия биохимического состава исследованных плодов, зависящие, в основном, от сортовой принадлежности, позволили оценить их пищевую ценность и функциональную направленность. Плоды всех исследованных сортов черешни могут считаться продуктами питания функциональной направленности, так как употребление их в количестве 250 г удовлетворяет суточную потребность человека в витамине С на 16,5 (сорт Космическая) -22,1 % (сорт Хеброс). Среди исследованных сортов черешни к группе наиболее перспективных, отличающихся наилучшей способностью к накоплению природных нутриентов, можно отнести сорта Гудзон, Ламберт Компакт, Софийска Хрушалка и Хеброс. Выводы. Описанные сорта могут быть рекомендованы для дальнейшего успешного использования в производстве и селекционной работе с целью оптимизации промышленного сортимента черешни и решения проблемы импортозамещения обеспечения населения страны высококачественными фруктами. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВАчерешня, интродуцированные сорта черешни, пищевая ценность, биохимический состав, предгорная плодовая зона Дагестана