The de Haas-van Alphen effect in white tin is measured using the field modulation technique. The results contain much more detail than those reported by Gold and Priestley. The smaller parts of the Fermi surface can be constructed directly from the measurements; the construction of the larger parts will be described in a separate paper.Der de Haas-van Alphen Effekt wird in weiiJem Zinn mittels der Feldmodulationstechnik gemessen. Die Ergebnisse enthalten bedeutend mehr Details als die von Gold und Priestley. Die kleineren Teile der Fermiflache konnen direkt aus den MeiJergebnissen konstruiert werden; die Konstruktion der grol3eren Teile wird in einer weiteren Arbeit mitgeteilt.
The de Haas-van Alphen measurements previously reported are used to determine the shape of the Fermi surface in white tin, and to calculate the pseudopotential coefficients. The present results give much better agreement with the model potential of Animalu and Heine than does the recent band calculation by Weisz.Die vorher beschriebenen Ergebnisse der de Haas-van Alphen Effektmessungen werden zur Bestimmung der Form der Fermifliiche in weiBem Zinn und zur Berechnung der Pseudopotentialkoeffizienten benutzt. Das Ergebnis stimmt besser mit dem Modellpotential von Animalu und Heine iiberein als die kurzlich durchgefuhrte Bandberechnung von Weisz.
Objectivity in the sciences is a much-touted yet problematic concept. It is sometimes held up as characterising scientific knowledge, yet operational definitions are diverse and call for such paradoxical genius as the ability to see without a perspective, to predict repeatability, to elicit nature's own self-revelation, or to discern the structure of reality with inerrancy. Here we propose a positive and general definition of objectivity based on work in the Reformational philosophy tradition. We recognise a suite of relation-framesways in which things function and relate to each other, which can be analytically distinguished in the process of conceptual abstraction. These relation-frames also ground the diverse aspects of scientific analysis within which relationships and properties may be abstracted from entities and systems. We argue that objectivity can be understood as characteristic of representations that attempt to portray a subject in an earlier relation-frame than that in which it characteristically functions. In short, objectivity is projection. This proposal is exemplified from mathematics and the natural sciences and some possible objections to it are considered, as well as its extension to the social sciences.
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