The heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudomonas putida aerobically oxidized ammonia to hydroxylamine, nitrite, and nitrate. Product formation was accompanied by a small but significant release of NO, whereas N2O evolution could not be detected under the assay conditions employed. The isolate reduced nitrate to nitrite and partially further to NO under anaerobic conditions. Aerobically grown cells utilized gamma-aminobutyrate as a carbon source and as a N-source by ammonification. The physiological experiments, in particular the inhibition pattern by C2H2, indicated that P. putida expressed an ammonia monooxigenase. DNA-hybridization with an amoA gene probe coding for the smaller subunit of the ammonia monooxigenase of Nitrosomonas europaea allowed us to identify, to clone, and to sequence a region with an open reading frame showing distinct sequence similarities to the amoA gene of autotrophic ammonia oxidizers.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a m&i-program national laboratory operated by Brookhaven Science Associates for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). BNL is located on a 5,265 acre site in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. BNL has a comprehensive environmental monitoring program which is described in this document. The environmental monitoring program was desiigned in accordance with DOE Order 5400.1, GeneraI Environmental Protection Program. This order Isets forth the requirements for environmental protection programs at DOE facilities to ensure that operations fully comply with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations; executive orders; and DOE policies. The plan describes the monitoring program by media, specifying drivers,, monitoring and data quality objectives, identification of sources and contaminants, extent and fizquency of monitoring, and analytical procedures and quality aSSuranCe. The various media monitored under BNL's environmental monitoring program include ambient air, emissions from point sources, wastewater discharges, surface water, groundwater, potable water quality, precipitation, soil, sediment, flora and fauna. These media are sampled under one or more types of environmental monitoring: compliance, restoration, or surveillance monitoring. Compkmce monitoring ensures adherence to regulatory and permit limits, and is comprised of air monitoring, wastewater monitoring, and groundwater monitoring. Restoration monitoring measures the impact of past operations and assesses the effectiveness of remedial measures. Surveihnce monitoring evaluates the impacts, if any, of current or historical operations on the various environmental media. Control samples are also collected so that results from areas potentially impacted by BNL operations can be compared-to background results. The data derived from the systematic monitoring of the various environmental media enable BNL to make informed decisions concerning the protection of human health and the environment, and to be responsive to community concerns. Air surveillance monitoring at BNL involves the analysis of particulate matter collected on filters, as well as vapor chemically trapped in .a collection medium. Concentrations of various airborne radionuclides (including particulates and tritiated water vapor) are measured on the BNL site and at offsite locations on eastern Long Island. Specific diffuse, oi non-point sources, arising due to environmental restoration activities, are also monitored as needed. The data derived from this program are used to assess public dose. , Continuous monitoring of radiological discharge:;, along with the estimation of radiological dose to the public resulting from operations with the potential to deliver a radiation dose to a member of the public of greater than 0.1 millirem per year (n&m&), is conducted. Facilities with emissions that fall below this value require only periodic, confirmatory monitoring. Samples of wastewater effluent from BNL operations are collected at the ...