In this paper chemical compounds collected from melliferous plants (Cluj, Transylvania-area flora) using two methods and identified by GC-MS were presented. The melliferous plant studied : acacia, rape, linden and sun flower, represent a rich source of nectar and pollen used in the honey production. The methods were SPME (solid phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and alcoholic extraction of flowers followed by GC-MS. It was pursued in special the identifying of components with semiochimical role. They were identified a total of 158 compounds, from which some semiochemical compounds were already known, but also new compounds were discovered.
Foaming extrusion has been used to produce loose-fill starch-based packaging materials, in a similar way to the production of extruded expanded snack foods. Native starches are non-plastic due to the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups in starch molecules, which represent their crystallinity. Thermal processing is used to disrupt and transform the semi-crystalline structure of starch granules to form a homogeneous and amorphous material. This transformation is usually accomplished using small amounts of molecular substances commonly known as gelatinization agents or plasticizers. This paper presents some results obtained during researches conducted in order to obtain a biodegradable starch-based loose-fill by thermoplastic extrusion, when using in different ratios between starch and plasticizers in the formula. Increasing the levels of water in the formula leads to lower viscosity value of the mixture and changing structure of the finished product.
Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is and will remain the main pest of potato crops. It seeks to combat it, more so as enable transmission of the virus X (PVC) and could reach total causing damage, in an attack early harvest losses are possible in 50 to 80% while a later attack, they can reach up to 30%. This pest developed resistance to a wide range of insecticides, which has enhance management studies determined based on a better and more thorough understanding of the ecology pest. In currently there are different methods based on biological products, various chemicals (pheromones) that causes certain behaviors (in this case aggregation) with efficiency superior, clean, reducing the quantities of toxic chemicals in the cultivation of potatoes, there is not resistance (as happens with insecticides), and thus do not affect consumer health tubers of potatoes. The paper presents results under the program Agral-CEEX from S.C.D.A. Turda during 2006-2008, regarding the use of unconventional biotechnics control or limitation under ETD (Economic Thresholds for Pest ) of the Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) from the potato crop. This method was tested based on the use of compositions biotechnics pest attraction that obtained at the Institute of Chemistry Cluj-Napoca, which were used as traps for beetle aggregation pheromone in Colorado; two variants were synthesized pheromone of aggregation, V1-PEG and V2 -ExFr. Adults to follow this pest abundance and attack rate (%) in each variant. Pitfalls of both V1-PEG, and in those of V2-ExFr were found near the Colorado beetle, many insects in the same order as proof that these aggregation pheromones are efficiency and can be placed in management integrated control, using this method to potato crop. Also using this method biotechnics -aggregation pheromone- to reduced chemical treatments needed to pest control and protect wildlife be helpful existing default
The discovery of specific sexual pheromon (VOERMAN S. and collaborators, 1978; SZÖCS G. and collaborators, 1989) opened the perspective for catching the male adults from their natural living space, offering the possibility of clearing up the aspects of pairing, and investigation of some aspects about population evolution, things that make the link with some other biologic growing phases, like: laying down the eggs, the larvae out coming. The research method consist in using standard sticky traps made by Chemistry Research Institute „Raluca Ripan” Cluj-Napoca, witch were tooled up with seven synthetic pheromone types. The experiment performed over three years since 2006 in The Fruit-growing Research and Development Resort Bistriţa in cooperation with Chemistry Research Institute „Raluca Ripan” Cluj-Napoca and University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. From that seven types of pheromones used as baits, the most valuable, proved to be V6 (Z3, Z13 – 18 Ac 100% 0,1 mg) witch showed the biggest selectivity of appeal, the biggest appeal power, longevity and long lasting uniformity of the appeal power.
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