Summary A serologic survey study of 5,076 Austrian cattle farming herds was carried out in the period of December 1988 till March 1990. One animal was randomly selected from each herd and the antibody titer against Anaplasma marginale in blood serum samples was evaluated by means of the complement fixation test. The number of these tested blood samples was 3.6% of 140,081 cattle herd farms of Austria. 109 (2.1 %) of the tested animals showed positive titers (1: 10) against Anaplasma marginale, in relation to the 140,081 cattle herds 0.08%. 4,786 (94.3%) blood serum samples were sero‐negative, 188 (3.8 %) reacted anticomplementary. The highest number of antibody‐positive animals of 8 tested Austrian districts could be found in Carinthia (46 = 5.7%). In Burgenland all tested sera turned out to be negative. Concerning the distribution of sero‐positive animals in Austria it can be stated that a decrease of positive reactors from southern to northern region is evident. A connection between the occurrence of anaplasmosis in Italy, Yugoslavia, Switzerland and Hungary, is postulated as a result of the different systems of keeping cattle in the provinces and the regional increase of tick invasion. Possibly an intensive animal transportation is of importance due to the introduction of the disease mentioned before. The results obtained show that anaplasmosis does occur in different areas of Austria. For control of this disease in Austria it is proposed that all imported cattle should be tested serologically for antibodies against Anaplasma marginale. Other diseases in connection with anemia should be excluded by clinical, serological, blood‐, as well as pathological examinations.