Although R parameters have been used to evaluate skin elasticity, our study showed that F3 parameters derived from multiple suctions appear to be suitable for evaluating the elasticity of cheek skin, since this parameter is less influenced by environmental factors compared with R parameters.

We found abnormal dermal papilla structures and differences in the dermal papilla structures between face and other body site. With these taken into consideration, we could precisely investigate the aging alteration of normal dermal papilla structures in the face.

No abstract

Using image analysis, allergic patch test reactions may be distinguished from irritant reactions by evaluating the change in the degree of erythema at 48 and 72 h.

The organs and tissues of the human body function together, and many women know that facial skin quality can be influenced by the condition of other areas. From the perspective of esthetics, the condition of other tissues and organs can have significant impact on facial skin. In our lives, increasing numbers of people experience pain and discomfort in the neck and shoulder region; this study investigates the effects of neck/shoulder pain and discomfort on facial beauty, and demonstrates that facial beauty can be improved by alleviating this pain and discomfort. Shoulder pain and discomfort are correlated to increased shoulder muscle stiffness, increased tension in the frontalis muscle (a muscle of facial expression in the forehead, and forehead wrinkling. We show that body massage aimed at alleviating muscle tension in the neck and upper back alleviate frontalis muscle tension and improve forehead wrinkles. Since other non‐facial factors are likely to affect facial beauty, our results show that measures to make the face beautiful and healthy‐looking involve the entire body. Keywords:  facial beauty, non‐facial factors, entire body, neck/shoulder pain and discomfort, shoulder muscle stiffness, frontalis muscle tension, forehead wrinkles, body massage aimed at alleviating muscle tension