This article describes nature and intensity of agerelated changes in the activity of transferases, phosphatases and a-amylase in the tissues of middle and bung guts of the large intestine of piglets in colostrum, colostrum-dairy, first, second and third dairy, dairy-plant, first and second plant phases of nutrition in the early postnatal period of systemogenesis. Activity of enzymes is determined by the spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of the Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. It was revealed that high metabolic processes in the tissues of middle and bung guts of piglets are found in the colostrum, colostrum-dairy, and the first and second phases of the definitive nutrition. The lowest activity of metabolic processes is detected in the phases of the first, second and third dairy nutrition, and the second transition phase is in between. In the tissues of external and internal middle guts, the ALT activity is stabilized from the first definitive phase. Activity of AST, GGT and a-amylase in the tissues of external and internal middle guts is not stabilized during the studied early postnatal systemogenesis. Activity of ALP and AP in tissues of these guts is stabilized from the first definitive phase. ALT, AST, GGT and aamylase do not stabilize in the bung gut tissues during the studied early postnatal systemogenesis. ALP and AP activity in tissues of this gut is stabilized from the dairy-definitive phase.

This work describes the patterns of changes in activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in tissues of various liver lobes (caudate, mastoid, right outer, left outer, left inner, and square) of gray giant rabbits at different phases of postnatal ontogenesis. The enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometric method in the scientific laboratory of Chuvash State Agrarian University. It was revealed that rabbits are born with different enzyme activities in the studied liver lobes, and the intensity of age-related changes of GGT activity in the studied rabbits’ periods of life in the tissues of liver lobes is diverse, which is connected with change of vegetable feed composition and with unequal need for enzyme participation in metabolic processes in the body tissues during the studied early postnatal period. The most intense changes in enzyme activity with age of rabbits occur at colostrum-milk phase in the square lobe; as for the first phase of milk nutrition - in the right and left outer lobes; the third phase of milk nutrition - in the left inner and in the square lobes; in the second phase of transitional nutrition - in the left inner lobe. Stabilization of GGT activity does not happen by the age of two months.

We have determined the patterns for age-specific changes related to activity of aspartateaminotransferase, alanineaminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, αamylase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in different parts of the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenal, empty, ileac, cecum, colic and straight intestine of large white pigs at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 120 and 180 days that have been grown up in a pig-breeding farm. We have defined the principles and strength of age-specific changes related to activity of the studied ferments at the colostric, colostric-dairy (at the first transitional), first dairy, second dairy, third dairy, dairy-definitive (at the second transitional), first definitive and second definitive feeding stages in the early postnatal period of the pig systemogenesis. We have found out that in each separate feeding stage the activity of the studied ferment in various parts of the digestive organ is different. The speed of the metabolic process in the digestive system tissues, the intensity of their maturation, and functioning of each part of the digestive organ at each feeding stage are quite different. The degree of structural and chemical changes in pigs is high at early stages of the postnatal period within the first four months of pig life. They are particularly distinctive at the transitional feeding stages. The terms of particular ferment activity stabilization in digestive organs have been determined. They can be indicated at the late stages of pig feeding.

Aims: The population of patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRT -Ds) is constantly growing. The use of remote-monitoring (RM) techniques in this group can significantly improve clinical outcomes, but there are limited data about the impact of RM on healthcare costs from a payer's perspective. The aim of the study was to assess the impact on costs for the healthcare system of RM in patients with ICDs or biventricular-ICDs in a real-world cohort. Methods: We examined a cohort of 842 patients with ICDs or CRT -Ds.The group was divided into two groups based on RM (or no RM, NRM), matched according to important clinical characteristics. The subjects were followed for a maximum of 3 years after implantation (mean follow-up2.11 + 0.83 years). The overall costs for the healthcare provider in the follow-up were defined as the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was the use of different types of medical contact events: hospitalization and number of in-clinic and general practitioner visits. Results: In the 3-year follow-up, the reduction in the costs of treatment for National Health Care in the RM group was 33.5% (median value, p , 0.001). In patients with implanted CRT-Ds, the reduction reached almost 43%( p ¼ 0.011) and with ICDs was more than 31 (31,3) % ( p ¼ 0.007). We observed no significant reduction in the median hospitalization costs in the 3-year follow-up in the RM group ( p ¼ NS), despite 25% drop in the mean value. Costs of outpatient visits were slightly higher in the RM group ( p ¼ NS). In the follow-up period, there was no reduction in the number of medical contacts events ( p ¼ NS Purpose of the study: Breathing disorders are common but still underdiagnosed in patients with cardiovascular disease. Sleep apnea is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, especially in patients with heart failure, thus diagnosing and possibly treating apnea is an issue in the management of the disease. Some pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverterdefibrillators (ICD) are now able to monitor intrathoracic impedance for automatic detection of sleep apnea events. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) calculated by the ApneaScan algorithm (Boston Scientific). Method used: Patients underwent overnight polysomnography and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was computed as the number of apneas and hypopneas divided by analyzed time minus movement time and standing position time. The PM/ICD-derived RDI value was simultaneously recorded and compared to the AHI, considered as gold-standard measurement. Summary of results: Twenty-eight patients (aged 71 + 8 years, 18 males) were studied. Seventeen patients received an ICD and the remaining patients a PM. The mean AHI value during the study night was 21 + 17 episodes/h while the mean RDI was 33 + 22 episodes/ h. RDI values correlated with AHI (r ¼ 0.81, p , 0.001). The Bland-Altman agreement analysis of AHI-RDI revealed a bias between measurements of...

The importance of the use of budgetary tools for solving business impact (stimulate) on the economic entities in the regions of the Russian Federation with the view of successful functioning of the economy in the new industrialization is substantiated in the article. Due to the significant amount of regional budget expenditures needed to achieve this goal, the limited ability of territories to influence the economic processes was stated. It is proved that the scale of the new processes of industrialization requires a subsidiary of funding from the state and the subjects of the Federation. The importance of preselection of projects related to government funding is emphasized because only under this condition, perhaps the most effective use of budget funds and the promotion of economic growth and development are possible. The conclusion that the fiscal stimulus should be of initiating and supporting character, ie, facilitate the development of innovative development projects and complete the other forms of resource mobilization for the implementation of projects for a long period time is formed.