Extensive damages of natural disasters have made resilience a focus of disaster management plans in order to limit damages. The aim of this study was a comparative evaluation of social and economic resilience in Bam and Rudbar. This applied research attempted to quantify and compare different dimensions of social and economic resilience in Bam and Rudbar with a descriptive-analytical method. Cochran’s formula determined the sample size as 330 households from both cities (a total of 660 households). The indicators of social and economic resilience were identified from the literature, and then data were collected through a field study using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and feed-forward multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. Results denoted that several resilient-related socio-economic features were significantly different for Bam and Rudbar cities, such as the number of earthquakes experienced, length of stay in current neighbourhood and mean individual and household income. Mean social and economic resilience scores were significantly higher for Rudbar (216.3 ± 33.4 and 30.6 ± 7.3) compared to Bam (193 ± 26.5 and 29.4 ± 7.07) (p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression indicated that an increase in education level of the household head, length of stay in current neighbourhood and household income could result in an increase in social and economic resilience of the households under study. Neural network analysis revealed that social capital and employment recovery are the most and least effective factors, respectively, in both cities. In the population under study, social component, namely, social capital, was the most important determinant of resilience.

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The purpose of this study is to provide a new strategic plan for tourism development using the SOAR framework with a focus on the religious event of Muharram in the province of Yazd, Iran. Muharram ceremony is a religious event based on the culture and religion of Shia Muslims, which could introduce a tourist attraction in the form of an event to other countries. The SOAR framework is a strengths-based strategic planning matrix that focuses on strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR). This framework is an alternative for SWOT analysis. Participants are asked to identify the most important strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results after interviews, because SOAR uses a participatory approach to strategic planning. Finally, the measurable results of this research are to provide tourism with a comprehensive way of planning this ceremony, to improve facilities in and near tourist attractions, to attract public investment for the reconstruction of mosques and religious sites, and to hold exhibitions with a focus on Yazd tourism potentials like handicrafts, customs, and traditions.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to optimize the location of hospitals in Gorgan, Iran, to provide desirable services to citizens in the event of an earthquake crisis. Design/methodology/approach This paper, due to target, is practical and developmental, due to doing method is descriptive and analytical and due to information gathering method is documental and surveying. In the present study, the capabilities of genetic algorithms and imperialist competition algorithm in MATLAB environment in combination with GIS capabilities have been used. In fact, cases such as route blocking, network analysis and vulnerability raster have been obtained from GIS-based on current status data, and then the output of this information is entered as non-random heuristic information into genetic algorithms and imperialist competition algorithm in MATLAB environment. Findings After spatial optimization, the hospital service process has become more favorable. Also, the average cost and transfer vector from hospitals to citizens has decreased significantly. By establishing hospitals in the proposed locations, a larger population of citizens can access relief services in less time. Originality/value Spatial optimization of relief centers, including hospitals, is one of the issues that can be of significant importance, especially in the event of an earthquake crisis. The findings of the present study and the originality, efficiency and innovation of the used methods can provide a favorable theoretical framework for the success of earthquake crisis management projects.

The concept of learning city emphasizes the transfer of knowledge and research. In fact, the learning city will strengthen the members of a community socially and legally and put them on the path to education. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and prioritizing social and legal indicators of the learning city in the area of Yazd city. The present study is based on the depth of the application-development study, in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytic and from the survey data gathering point. In this research, statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, single sample T, Simple linear regression, and W. Kendall have been used. The findings show that the distribution of data is normal, and the status of the variables examined by experts and experts in the most areas of the city of Yazd is undesirable. There is a significant relationship between social and legal index and independent variables in Yazd city. Overall, it was concluded that social and legal indexes in 2 area with the highest average rank in the first and the 6 area with the lowest average rank are in the last category. This prioritization reflects the fact that priority is given to programs in areas 6 of social and legal development of the learner's city in Yazd. At the end of the article, the discussion about the importance of knowledge of the word learning in the city has been addressed and some strategies have been presented to study the area of study in relation to social and legal indicators of the learning city.