A reliable electrical energy supply is a prerequisite for improving the standard economic and quality of life levels in a country. As is the case in many countries, it is uneconomical to connect these villages to the existing grid, the installation of standalone electrical power generators has become common practice. As a result, diesel stand-alone power generators see widespread use in these remote locales, which, whilst fit for their intended purpose, unfortunately suffer from several drawbacks, including instability in regards to everyday oil prices and a number of environmental issues. The implementation of a PV/FC hybrid power system could be one potential alternative to help solve these problems. Therefore, this paper presents PV/FC system control strategies. This study is especially important in terms of envisioning the future energy supply needs. By using HOMER the proposed control strategies and suggested components of a PV/FC system would be able to produce a satisfactory outcome.

The high density of lightning occurrence in Malaysia has caused problems to transmission and distribution electrical energy. Normally, transmission overhead lines trip due to Back Flashover (BF) of lightning and shielding failures of earth wire. Therefore, a detailed lightning study is required to analyse the corresponding lines and to determine the exact location of Transmission Lightning Arrester (TLA). In this paper, a simulation of lightning study using TFlash software associated with the installation of (TLA) at 132 kV SSWW-BBST overhead lines system located in Selangor, Malaysia is presented. By using the TFlash software the location of TLA has been determined.