The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99, output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.
The results of the evaluation exterior of the animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the western region of Ukraine. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. Exterior animals was assessed by measurement of body articles. By value measurements calculated indices of body structure cows. Weight-size factor determined by the formula D.T. Vinnychuka and P.N. Merezhko. The results of research were treated by variational statistics G.F. Lakin. Adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed for exterior fit the type of dairy animals. Measurements body cows are: height at the withers – 135,6–136,5 depth of chest – 75,1–77,1 width chest – 46,2–48,6, chest girth for by shoulder – 197,0–201,2, oblique body length – 161,4–163,6 width in clubs – 54,5–57,2 girth metacarpus – 19,1–19,5 cm. By oblique trunk length and girth metacarpus, and in the «Milk River» farm Sokal offices and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» also for girth at breast for by blades are dominated by target parameters for the desired type of animal. By other body measurements investigated cows do not reach target parameters for the desired type of animal. Further breeding work with this array of animals should be directed to increase the linear dimensions of the body, with particular attention paid to the width of the chest. Indices body structure cows in farms of different characteristic type of dairy animals. Surround dimensions of the animals constituted 494,9–501,4 cm weight-size factor – 1,08–1,15. In cows of all farms the ratio of live weight and measurements body was typical for relatively stretched animals.
Linear farm animal breeding is an effective method of improving and consolidating breeds in purebred breeding, which contributes to forming an orderly genealogical structure of the breed. Further improvement and consolidation of economically valuable traits of breeds based on selection and selection are impossible without Linear breeding. Therefore, our work aimed to investigate the variability of breeding traits in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the lineage. The research was conducted in the Vinnytsia region's State Enterprise “Alexandrovske” on firstborn and adult (III lactation) cows. Groups of animals belonging to different lines were formed to study the influence of linear affiliation on the variability of breeding traits of cows. Lines to which at least three breeding bulls belonged and with at least ten daughters were taken into account, with at least three daughters from one bull. In the control group of cows by retrospective analysis of zootechnical accounting data over the past ten years studying the dynamics of live weight during rearing at a young age (newborns, 6, 12, and 18 months), reproductive capacity (age and live weight at first calving, duration of first service period), milk productivity (yields, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat). It was found that the economically functional traits of cows depended on their linear affiliation. The highest live weight of newborns and at the age of 18 months, the average daily gain at the age of 6–12; 12–18, and 0–18 months, the most extended service period after the first calving, and the highest milk yields and milk fat yield for the third lactation were characterized by animals of Eleveishn 1491007, live weight at six months – H. T. S. Khaneve line 1629391, at 12 months – Starbuck line 352790, average daily increments from birth to 6 months of age – line H. T. S. Khaneve 1629391. The last one was also marked by the highest live weight, the oldest age at first calving, and the shortest duration of the first service period. The lowest live weight and the youngest age at the first calving and the highest yields and milk fat yield for the first lactation were observed in the firstborn of the Chif 1427381 line. Depending on lactation, the strength of the line's influence on yields was in the range of 7.2–12.6 %, fat – in the range of 7.9–12.0 % at P < 0.01–0.001. Linear affiliation significantly (P < 0.01) affected the fat content in milk during the first lactation, and for the third lactation, the effect was incredible.
Тривалість господарського використання і пожиттєва продуктивність корів значною мірою визначають загальну ефективність молочного скотарства. Метою роботи було дослідити тривалість та ефективність довічного використання корів української чорно-рябої молочної породи в Західному регіоні України. Тривалість життя, тривалість господарського використання, вік у лактаціях і довічну продуктивність досліджували за матеріалами зоотехнічного обліку. Тварини української чорно-рябої молочної породи у провідних господарствах Західного регіону України характеризуються невисокою тривалістю господарського використання (3,2-4,3 лактації). Тривалість господарського використання і довічна продуктивність корів зумовлена генотипом, зокрема їх лінійною належністю.
Наведено дані щодо промірів та індексів будови тіла корів української чорно- та червоно-рябої молочних порід і їх потомків першого й другого поколінь з часткою спадковості джерсеїв 50 і 75 %. Встановлено, що корови-первістки української чорно-рябої молочної породи переважали за досліджуваними промірами (виняток – ширина грудей) цільові параметри для тварин бажаного типу, а української червоно-рябої молочної породи переважали ці параметри за глибиною грудей, шириною в маклаках та обхватом п’ястка і поступалися їм за висотою в холці, шириною грудей, обхватом грудей за лопатками та косою довжиною тулуба. Із збільшенням частки спадковості джерсеїв у генотипі тварин української чорно- та червоно-рябої молочних порід проміри тіла зменшувалися. За більшістю індексів будови тіла піддослідні корови переважали своїх потомків першої і другої генерацій. Причому більш суттєва різниця між вихідним маточним поголів’ям та їх помісними нащадками з джерсеями першого й другого поколінь була відмічена у корів української червоно-рябої молочної породи. Досліджувані нами проміри та індекси будови тіла свідчать про явно виражений молочний напрям продуктивності не лише корів української чорно- та червоно-рябої молочних порід, але й їх помісей з часткою спадковості джерсеїв 50 і 75 %.
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