90% of the food stuff all around the world is obtained from plants. 77 % of these plant needs pollination by bees. Therefore, in order to achieve sufficient pollination, bee colonies are needed in florescence period. When pollination and fertilization do not occur in many species of horticultural crops, abscission takes place without the fruit's being able to complete its devolopment. In conditions where fecundation is insufficent, the shape of the fruits is deformed and product quality is low even if the fruits remain on the plant as a result of the formation of a few ovules.The quality and quantity of the productare directly affected by the formation, development, pollination and fertilization of flowers in horticutural crops such as apple, pear, strawberry, fig, kiwi, tomato, egg plant and pepper.When enough attention is paid to pollination, production growth in angio spermae is observed. In this study, according to the data obtained from a study conducted in order to determine the effect of honeybees on pollination and fecundation of strawberry in Usak province between 2014 and 2016, a considerable increase in quality and a homogeneity in strawberry fruit were observed and 1248.6 g of productivity was obtained in strawberries with bee pollination, while 970.33 g of productivity was obtained in strawberries without bee pollination.

The present study evaluated the eVect of overwintered adult density and egg and adult parasitism rates on the new-generation population densities of the Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) under Weld conditions. We quantiWed the abundance of overwintered adult densities and egg and adult parasitism rates in 20 one-ha unsprayed wheat Welds in southeastern Turkey to assess their impact on nymphal instars, plus new-generation adult densities. The number of overwintered adults per square meter and the percent of egg parasitism rates were positively and negatively correlated with new-generation densities of the Sunn Pest, respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis produced the equation Y = 15.037 + 8.287 OW (overwintered adult) ¡ 0.235 egg PR (parasitism rate). The Wndings suggest that the egg parasitoids may suppress nymphal instars plus new-generation adult densities of the Sunn Pest. The Wndings also suggest that the present formula can be used to determine the spraying areas in which densities reach economic threshold for the integrated Sunn Pest management program in wheat Welds in Turkey.

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With this project, it is aimed to determine the time of the struggle with the poppy root weevils (Ethelcus denticulatus Schrank) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is the most important pest of poppy fields (Papaver somniferum L.) (Rhoedales; Papaveraceae). According to the findings, it has been determined that after the second week of March in the Uşak province, poppy root weevils start to emerge from the soil and adults may be found until the first week of July. The most important factor in the emergence of the pests from soil to surface is temperature. In the second week of March in which effective temperature reached to 14 ºC, the poppy root weevils started to emerge to the soil surface in 2014 and 2015. Peak of the poppy root weevils was determined to be in the second week of April. The sum of effective temperatures at this date was determined to be 70.6 ºC in 2014 and 90.4 ºC in 2015. After the poppy root weevil’s emergence reached the peak, the first larvae began to appear about 10 days later. According to this, when the insect populations are the highest and the sum of effective temperatures is 70 - 90 ºC, it is suggested to make chemical struggle.

Authors' Contribution MDO designed the studies. H MY performed experiments and collected data. JF helped in data collection. MC analyzed the data.