Residual grease levels and moisture content of commercially scoured wools have been estimated using spectroscopic methods over the wavelength range 400 to 2500 nm using both transmission and reflectance techniques. The most reliable predictive equations come from the longer wavelength region ( 1100-2500 nm), and reflectance measurements are more satisfactory than transmission measurements. Also, the com monly used algorithms for calculating prediction equations tend to give similar values of SEP (standard error of performance), suggesting that the calibration population coverage and the quality of the data from the reference method are the main deter minants of the quality of NIR-based predictions.

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An account is given of some experiments made to elucidate the mechanism of lubrication when waxed worsted hosiery yarns run over a stationary solid surface. The effects on yarn friction of the amount of wax on the yarn, the yarn speed, the yarn moisture regain and the nature and temperature of the rubbing surface were studied, and, although several effects are at present unresolved, a general picture has been built up which fits most of the experimental results.

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